ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECT OF
TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT ON ACADEMIC STAFF PERFORMANCE IN NIGERIA
CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background to the Study
Training
and retraining of staff has been seen as a way to improve performance of
employees in the organization (Shelly, 2007). The following were extract from
his work about the relevance of training to staff performance in the
organization; Training is necessitated by some major factors which include
technological changes and or new ways to doing things. Work pattern changes as
a result of introduction of new ways to do things in the organization which can
be internal or external form of training. The importance of staff training to
staff performance cannot be overemphasized. Training provides a prime
opportunity to expand the knowledge base of all employees, training programme
allows you to be able to strengthen those skills that each employee needs to
improve upon in the organization. Training and development programme also
allows employee to get a succession training, this has to do with the employees
who are expected to take over from their superiors in the organization.
Training has been seen as a way to improve employees performance in the
organization. There are time in the organization when the performance of
employees may dwindle and go low as against the expectation of the
organization, this deficiency can be corrected by constant training and
retraining programme in the organization. A well structured training and
development programme ensures that employees have consistent experience and
background knowledge to deal with changing pattern of work in the organization.
To maintain consistency in performance, all staff need to be made aware of and
trained on changing demand and pattern of work in the organization. Training
and retraining programme brings about employees satisfaction in organization.
The value that comes back to the employees when trained is personal
satisfaction and job satisfaction. Employees who feel appreciative and
challenged through a training programme tend to be more satisfied doing their
job. External training on the other hand is a situation where academic staff
are given the opportunity to carry out further studies outside the institution
and even outside the country. It comes in form of an official release or study
leave accorded to staff to go for further training outside the organization.
External training mechanism like the internal training involves conferences outside
the institution, seminars, workshop, sabbatical, visitations and participation
in both local and international journals. Academic staff do have three basic
function they tend to serve the society and this include to teach, research
production and community services. And to effectively carry out these functions
academic staff needed to be engaged in constant training and retraining. This
is because intellectuals who have the proper and adequate training can offer a high-quality
learning experience to their students and build a high reputation for the
institution involved. Salesho and Naile (2014) submitted that to focus on their
obligation of teaching and learning, research and community engagement
effectively, Universities need adequate academic staff suitably qualified and
motivated to work effectively. Accordingly, Rou (1992) advocates that the
eminence of a University cannot surpass that of its academic staff, this is in
line with the interpretation advanced by Horwitz(1991), who opines that the
essence of any institution is to attract and retain first class academic staff.
Ssekanwa (1999) noted that in countless cases, it has become a challenge to
retain a well-developed and motivated academic staff force that is suitably
qualified to work effectively, this is because this efforts frequently requires
enormous financial resources because the market rate of academic staff, and the
cost of their development are usually high. Training is usually used to
facilitate career development, Ai Yeow et al., 2012). In the same vein, Jane et
al. ( 2012) noted that training represents an important investment by colleges
or Institutes that are interested in developing their employees so that they
can make their maximum contribution over the long term. Besides, it will help
to strengthen the quality of education in the country. Most higher education
institutions have an implicit or explicit mission to offer a high quality
learning experience to all their students. Consequently, their training is
crucial in determining the quality of this interface. In addition, research is
important both in revitalizing staff interest in their subject and in keeping
their enthusiasm alive, and in building a research and publishing profile for
the institution.
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