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INTRODUCTION
On the list of the many sustainability
challenges facing Nigeria as a country today, corruption comfortably enjoys a
top position, for good reasons. Nigeria is said to lose up to 40% of its oil
revenue to corruption.2 Accusations of corruption are frequently made against
government institutions and several individuals in positions of authority.
While it may not be possible at present to protect any society completely from
corruption, Nigeria has persistently suffered from the overwhelming effects of
corruption.3 Nigeria’s tolerance for corruption has led it to having very high
rates of poverty, conflict, insecurity and disease. Citizens complain of poor
wages, poor security, weak institutions and even weaker checks and balances mechanisms
in government institutions. It is not now very clear whether it is poverty and
the weakness of government institutions that are the cause of corruption or
viceversa. Corruption has led to crippling mismanagement of substantial
revenues by different administrations in Nigeria. In 2012 alone, over US$ 100
billion (N15.7 trillion) oil revenue accrued to Nigeria.4 Nigerians are not
accounted to by any single government department over the management of this
vast revenue. A decade ago, it was estimated that approximately US$20 billion
is lost to corruption in Africa each year.5 Corruption is the most serious
developmental challenge to Nigeria. Corruption is driven by Official tolerance
for illicit enrichment, concentration of wealth and economic power in the hands
of a few, blending of political and economic interests and total dependence on
Crude Oil for income.6 It undermines democracy and good governance in Nigeria.
Corruption is also a threat to the security of human lives as thousands of
lives are lost annually in Nigeria due to poor road and transport
infrastructure, poor healthcare services and poor security and social services
generally. Corruption is believed to be prevalent in Africa7 and Nigeria in
particular due to the absence of strong institutional and legal frameworks to
combat it. The very serious impact of corruption on socio-economic development
of any country has continuously received the attention of the international
community. Several international instruments have been drafted and adopted to
combat corruption at both regional and international levels.8 The United
Nations (UN) has an instrument in this regard.9 In Africa, the African Union
also has adopted a treaty on combating corruption.10 In Nigeria, there are in
existence several institutions and a large body of legislation aimed at
addressing the problem of corruption.11 This Large body of legislation and
several institutions notwithstanding, corruption remains a cankerworm of
gargantuan proportions that has eaten very deep into the fabric of the nation
known as Nigeria. This paper examines corruption and its effects on Nigeria,
the existing legal and institutional framework for combating corruption and the
weaknesses of the existing framework, challenges to the fight against
corruption, and considers the feasibility or otherwise of fusing
anti-corruption agencies in Nigeria. It offers suggestions on how best to wage
a successful war against corruption in Nigeria.
Chapters: 1 - 5
Delivery: Email
Number of Pages: 65
Price: 3000 NGN
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