THE CHALLENGES OF MICROFINANCE BANKING AS A RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME IN NIGERIA
Chapter One
Introduction
1.0 Background of the Study
Microfinance is
the provision of a full
range of financial
services comprising micro-credit
(including micro-lease), micro-savings,
insurance and fund
transfer low-income (poor) clients, including consumers
and the self-employed, who
traditionally lack access
to deposit money
banks and related
financial services, to
help them grow
micro-enterprises or engage
in other productive
economic activities 1. It must
be noted here
that the concept
of microfinance banking
had been in our traditional
society for a
longtime even before
the advent of
modern microfinance banking.
It existed as
either community savings
scheme such as
Towns’ meeting where
individuals contribute according
to their abilities
to the general
purse and withdraw
also according to
one’s contributions and
needs too or
as a group
savings scheme where
people come together
to contribute their
resources based on
mutual understanding. These
schemes were geared
towards the provision
of financial services
to members to
help them solve immediate
financial needs at
that time, to
save some portion
of excess income
that are not
needed for immediate
consumption among other
reasons. Prior to the
advent of modern
Microfinance banking, the
traditional society operated
the informal microfinance
model whose mode
of operation was
based on trust, probity, accountability transparency
and understanding that
thrived successfully owing
to the homogeneous
status of the
society that was
largely regulated by
the customs and
traditions to which
all members were
in tandem with. There
were enormous challenges
encountered during these
periods but they
overcame them owing
to the aforementioned qualities
inherent in those
days in-addition to the
subsistence economic activities
that was prevalent
at that time.
In
addition, the informal
microfinance banking practiced
by our forefathers
and still in
operation in some
remote areas of
the country, is
proof that the
modern microfinance banking
model is an
evolution and transformation of
our old fashioned
savings culture of
‘Esusu’ ideology.
Furthermore, this ascertains
the fact that
the poor who
are largely neglected
by big deposit
money banks, also
need access to
financial services irrespective
of their locations
and environment and
this is one
of the driving
principles of Microfinance
Banking. Although, Modern Microfinance
Banking has improved
tremendously in its operations,
methodology, dimension and
scope, there are however
various challenges militating
against the benefits,
growth and development
of this financial
institution model in
recent times. It
is in the
light of this,
that this research
work is undertaken
to study the
Challenges of Microfinance
Banking as a
Rural Development Programme
in Nigeria with
particular reference to
the Warri South L.G.A of
Delta State. Nevertheless, the
Warri South L.G.A
of Delta State
is one of
the economic centres
of the state
with a large
population of both
rich and poor
citizens. The area
also has some
companies operating in
it, however, most
of these had
long close shops
owing to the
prevalent community crisis
inherent in the
region. The prevalent community
crisis in-addition to exodus
of companies out
of this place
brought extreme poverty and
deprivation to the
region and this has resulted to
unemployment and other social vices such as militancy, kidnapping etc. In view
of the foregoing,
the promoters of
the Eagle Flight
Microfinance Bank Ltd
in attempt to
promote peace and
tranquility established the
bank to provide
micro capital to
the active poor
citizens living in
Warri South L.G.A.
This development was
greeted with joy
as capital was
made available to traders,
artisans, low income earners,
jobless youth to
begin and expand
their trades respectively. Upon receipt
of this financial
assistance from the
bank, many of
the recipients used
the money to
establish micro scale
businesses which has
contributed immensely to improving
their living standards
among others. This business
idea initiated by
the bank had
contributed in no
small measure to
the restoration of
peaceful co-existence of
the various ethnic
groups that live in
this Local Government
Area. Also, the bank
has been providing
other capital assets
to boost economic
activities within the
region. For instance, the
bank through its
lease arrangements had
provided over 60
cars to its customers that
are involved in
transport business of
payment is on
calculated installments spread
over a period
of time. To
this end, the
impact of Eagle
Flight Microfinance Bank
Ltd is felt
throughout the Local
Government Area which
is a confirmation
that Microfinance Banking
is equally a development
programme if implemented
in a regulated
manner.
Project Topics and materials in Accounting
Department: Accounting
Format: MS Word
Chapters: 1 - 5, Abstract, References, Questionnaires
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Delivery: Email
Number of Pages: 82
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