ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECTS OF Chrysophyllum albidum EXTRACTS ON BACTERIAL ISOLATES FROM URINARY CATHETERS

Masters Project Topics in MicroBiology

TOPIC:

ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECTS OF Chrysophyllum albidum EXTRACTS ON BACTERIAL ISOLATES FROM URINARY CATHETERS

Department: MicroBiology (M.SC)

Format: MS Word

Chapters: 1 - 5, References

Page Numbers: 140

Price: 5000 NGN

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Project Body 

Chapter One
Introduction 

Indwelling urinary catheters are standard medical devices utilized in both hospitals and nursing home settings to relieve urinary retention and urinary incontinence (CDCP, 1992). The most common urinary catheter in use is the Foley indwelling urethral catheter, a closed sterile system that comprise of a tube inserted through the urethra and held in place by an inflatable balloon to allow urinary drainage of the bladder. Due to the frequent, hospital application motive and catheter placement skill on the part of medical personnel, the use of indwelling catheters during hospitalisation, 21-50% of patients are placed at risk for complications associated with the use of these devices (Liedberg et al, 1990). In patients with indwelling urinary catheter, microorganisms may be introduced into the bladder; (i) at the time the catheter is inserted, (ii) due to the ascent of microorganisms through the catheter lumen from a contaminated drainage system, and (iii) migration of microorganisms present in the urethra around the catheter (Kass, et al 1957). The definition of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI) varies among published studies and the terms “bacteriuria” and “urinary tract infection” (UTI) are frequently used indistinctly (Kunin, 1997). Bacteriuria or funguria levels >103 colony- forming units (CFU) have been shown to be highly predictive of CAUTI, given that these levels increase to 105 CFU within 24 to 48 hours (Stark, et al 1984). Other specialists consider CAUTI to be present when there is predominant pathogen growth equal to or greater than 102 CFU, especially when associated with piuria (Stamm, 1998). Signs and symptoms associated with CAUTI such as fever, disuria, urgency, flank pain and leukocytosis have also been shown to have a low positive predictive value for CAUTI diagnosis since 90 percent of them are asymptomatic. This is most likely due to the fact that a urinary tract catheter continually eases bladder compression, thus avoiding urgency and pollakiuria associated with inflamed bladder distension. A catheter in the urethra also prevents continuous urethral exposure to large numbers of organisms in the infected urine, averting urethritis, and consequently, urgency and disuria (Tambyah, et al 2000). Millions of urinary tract catheterizations are carried out worldwide for purposes of control, repair, diagnosis and treatment. The risk of infection per procedure is from 1 to 2 percent. This risk increases to 3 to 7 percent per catheterization day in such a way that nearly all patients will present with bacteriuria after 30days of urethral catheterization (Nagy, 2004). 

Masters Project Topics in MicroBiology

ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECTS OF Chrysophyllum albidum EXTRACTS ON BACTERIAL ISOLATES FROM URINARY CATHETERS

Price: 5000 NGN

In Stock

Buy Now