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Background to the Study
The international political climate is
currently fraught with unresolved inter-state and intra-state disputes that
emanate often from mere suspicion, mistrust, political and economic rivalry as
well as competition over territory. Disputes, if not carefully monitored and
resolved peacefully, they may, (as they have) lead to armed conflicts conflicts
that would bring (as they have done so) devastating effects not only to the
disputants but also to the international community. To this end, the desire for
the maintenance of international peace and security has always been at the
heart of the international community. States have concluded a number of
multilateral treaties ranging from 1899 Hague Convention for the Pacific
Settlement of International Disputes which was revised by the second Hague
Peace Conference in 1907 aimed at peaceful settlement of their disputes and
difference1. This was also the basic objective behind the creation of the
League of Nations in 1919 and the United Nations (UN) in 1945. Since its
inception, the UN has taken responsibility for maintaining world peace and
security. Drafters of UN Charter envisioned an organisation in the entire
spectrum of conflict management and resolution, from preventive measures to
ad-hoc responds to crisis, to long-time stabilisation of conflict areas with
view of saving the succeeding generations from the scourge of war which has on
two separate occasions brought untold sorrow to mankind2. To this end, the
Charter obliges the parties to any dispute capable of endangering international
peace and security to settle such dispute either through negotiations, enquiry,
mediation, conciliation, good office or adjudication or any peaceful means of
their choice. Or resort should be had to regional arrangements or agencies.
When this is not successful, the UN is permitted to intervene to consider the
dispute and make recommendations3.
However, the end of cold war presented
both opportunities and challenges for the international community. Opportunities
in the sense that UN found itself freer to act than at any time in its history;
challenges in the sense that the end of cold war has ushered in a regime of
armed conflicts at intra- state level largely because people‟s expectations for
an improved and egalitarian society have not materialised. Consequently, ethnic
and nationalist forces whose expectations were not met began to challenge state
authority and old imperial boundaries. In fact, sub-national group demands for
empowerment, autonomy and even independence took a violent dimension in the
struggle for self-determination4. This has for instance resulted in the
collapse of state institutions in Somalia, a coup in Haiti, and civil wars in
Bosnia, Cambodia, Salvador, Guatemala, DR Congo, and Angola among other
countries. Sequel to this development therefore, it became necessary for the UN
to draw support from regional organizations in the maintenance of international
peace and security. This was predicated partly on the assumption that the
parties understand the security challenges of their respective regions better
and partly as a form of burden sharing5. Therefore, while the UN primary
responsibility still remains that of maintenance of internationalpeace and
security, the regional agencies are only expected to lighten the burden of the
UN by rendering services toward the attainment of regional and subsequently to
international peace and security in a manner consistent with the purpose and
principles of the UN Charter6
TOPIC: THE ROLE OF UNITED NATIONS AND REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS IN RESOLVING DISPUTES IN INTERNATIONAL LAW
Chapters: 1 - 5
Delivery: Email
Delivery: Email
Number of Pages: 75
Price: 3000 NGN
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