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ABSTRACT
This
research examined the Effect of Strike on the Quality of Education in Lagos
State Higher Institution with special reference to Lagos State University. The
research adopted survey research design. Data were gathered through primary
source with the aid of a well-structured questionnaire. Simple random sampling
technique was adopted in the selection of sample, this was used to eliminate
biasness in the selection process of the respondents.
Data garnered were presented on
table using percentage and the formulated hypotheses were analysed with the
used of Chi-square statistical method. The result of the analysis shows
that Government interference in Universities brings about incessant strike
actions. Also, Strike action persists in Nigeria Universities because workers
are not well remunerated, and inadequate infrastructure in the Universities
system is a cause of strike action by the work force.
Based on the conclusion of the
analysis recommendations were proffered to the staff and management of Lagos
State University.
TABLE OF CONTENT
PAGES
Title
page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract v
Table
of
content vi
CHAPTER
ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
of the
study 4
1.2 Statement
of the
problem 8
1.3 Objectives
of the
study 13
1.4 Research
questions 13
1.5 Research
Hypothesis 14
1.6 Significance
of the
study 14
1.7 Scope
and limitation of the
study 15
1.8 Definition
of
terms 15
CHAPTER
TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW/THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
2.1 Introduction 17
2.2 Concept
Strike 17
2.3 Types
of Strike 20
2.4 Incidence
of strike
Activities 23
2.5 Implication
of Strike in Nation
Building 24
2.6 The
Effect of Strike on Educational
Institution 26
2.7 Remote
Causes of the government
Conflicts 27
2.8 Cause
of strike Action Through funding 30
CHAPTER
THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research
Methodology 31
3.2 Research
Design 31
3.3 Population
of the
study 31
3.4 Sample
and sampling Techniques 32
3.5 Method
of Data
Collection 32
3.6 Method
of Data Analysis and
Interpretation 33
CHAPTER
FOUR: Data Presentation Analysis
Interpretation
4.1 Introduction 34
4.2 Summary
of Responses to Questionnaire
Section 52
4.3 Hypotheses
Testing 55
4.4 Discussion
of Finding 56
CHAPTER
FIVE: Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations
5.1 Summary 59
5.2 Conclusion 60
5.3 Recommendations 60
Bibliography 63
Questionnaire 65
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
OF THE STUDY
Strike defined by the Webster’s
dictionary as an organization refusal to work by employees of an organization
e.t.c because of a disagreement e.g. pay or condition. Strike can be defined as
temporary stoppage of work in the pursuance of grievance of
demand. According to law 184, strike can be defined as they lessation of work
by a body of person employed and acting in combination or collected refusal or
a refusal under a common understanding of any number of person employed to
continue to work for an employer in consequence of a dispute, done as a means
of completing their employer or any person or body or person employed, or to
any person or anybody of employed to accept terms of employment of and physical
condition of work.
“The key elements in the definition
are
- Lessation of work
“which simply means deliberately working at less than usual speed or with les
than usual efficiency. And.
- Refusal to continue to
work’ includes a refusal to work of usual efficiency
FUNTUWA (1979) defined education as
the aggregate of all the processes by which a child or adult develops their
ability, attitudes and other forms of behaviors which are of positive value to
the society.
Spencer (1963) asserts that
education has for his object the formation of character. Dewey 91993) started
that optimally education meant the intelligently directed development of
possibilities where not in ordinary experience and which assist the individual
in the direction of subsequent experience.
From the above concept education
institution is aggregate of culture and society by means of which the process
of transmitting relevant ideal, knowledge value and skill and training of
individuals through various agencies of education especially the schools.
Overtime strike actions has been
used a veritable tools of labour or management negotiation tactics, it has been
used and some will say over used to low recalcitrant employer both in private
and public sector.
Strike has an effect on workers in
the public sector with special emphasis on LASU as an Educational Institution,
parts of the effect to be considered include pay or condition, job insecurity
les of motivation, paralysis of workers initiatives global academic standard
e.t.c.
The down turn and subsequent
depression, inflatory treads and the degradation of the Nigerian economy in the
past decade, has made the socio educational consequences of the emergency of
various strike action by unions like the Senior Staff Association of Nigeria
(SSANU) the non Academic Staff Union (NASU), the Academic Staff Union
University (ASUU). These unions are responsible for a continuous
association of wages earns for the purpose of maintaining or improving the
conditions of the working lives. The actions of the union in the educational
institution in Nigeria are much powerful than the political parties because
they have legitimate power to call out worker on strike.
The power in this collective of
workers can promote the resolution of a variety of problems by the workforce.
The higher education in Nigeria is
composed of universities, polytechnics, institutions of technology, colleges of
education that from part of are affiliated to universities and polytechnics,
colleges and professional specialized institutions of technology, colleges and
professional specialized institutions. They can be further categorized as state
or federal government Universities are owned and funded by the federal
government, while state Universities owned and financed by the state
government. First generation Universities are the six Universities established
in the 1970’s while third generation.
Universities refer to the eleven
institutions including the universities of Technology established in the 1980’s
and 1990’s.
Lagos State University was
established in 1983. it fall between the second generation universities,
Nigeria universities experienced a wave of strike as Lecturers ands student
from one University after another demonstrate for different reasons.
The decay in Nigeria Institutions of
Higher Learning is caused, in part, by the fact that lecturers and professors
in Nigerian Universities go on strike for six to nine months. However, there
are shortage of tools and facilities in Nigeria universities but constant
strike by workers make academic decay in Nigeria institution worse, not better.
The problems we have highest are not
unique to Nigeria alone, even in the united state, the professors are doing
more less, indeed, this is the experience of many African Universities expert
perhaps South Africa, but in is unusual to her that professor in this country
go on strike every year.
1.2 STATEMENT
OF THE PROBLEM
The devastating effect of strike
action and its attendant problems in the educational sector of a country makes
this phenomenon a matter of enormous concern in Nigeria especially.
The consequence of strike action on
educational institution are enormous and of the highest magnitude all over the
world. It is a known fact that all over the world that strike action and
protest is the oldest and extensive vice that plague an industry in a country.
Strike is as old as any industrial
sector and it is a major problem facing civilization.
Strike is a serious problem among
educational in Nigeria universities, among academic and non-academic staff,
they have chosen to embark on strike action, rather than engage more on
academic for the development of their student and for development of their
students and for the growth of the country. These problems have
promoted research to analyze the causative factors as well as critical looking
at strike as it effects to the educational institution society as a
whole.
The frequent ASUU strike is always
caused by the government, due to their frequent interference on educational and
substantive rule agreed upon collectively with the union. These
anti-intellectual, anti- universities and anti-student’s polices of Obasanjo’s
military regime precipitated the process of destruction of the universities
since the 1970’s. The above background information provides an explanation for
the crisis in the universities as well as the attitude and policies of Obasanjo
regime towards the university over the past four years.
Also the illegal termination of
lecturers’ appointment also contributed to the occurrences of strike actions.
Example, termination of Lecturers appointment of Unilorin lecturer in (2001)
under the Obasanjo civilian regime is not accident neither is his self-imposed
yoke of fighting ASUU. But the consequences is the destruction of the Nigeria
educational system.
Secondly, poor remuneration of the
workers in educational institution in Nigeria happens to be
the major problem that causes strike almost all the time, the last three days
strike that occurred in LASU, in the month or March 2005 is due to owing of
salaries. In essence remuneration refers to salary or wages and all the
allowance and financial benefits payable to an employees either in cash or kind
in return for his services.
The long ASUU strike that took place
at ABU on the 14th October 2003 is due to poor remuneration.
After all this situation could have been completely avoided if only reason
prevailed and dialogue was employed to resolve to issues in dispute. The major
point that causes this ASUU strike was
- Payment
of the four month salaries (February-May 2003) with held during the suspended
natural strike of ASUU (which lasted from 29th December 2002 to
18th June 2003).
- Correct
implementation of the UASSW as contained in the NUE. Circular of 23rd January
2003, and payments of various arrears if allowance occurred over the period of
2½ years (Since May, 2001).
- Rectification
of the truncated steps or annual increment in the salaries of lecturers on UASS
1-4 and payment of arrears.
The steady decline in the Nigerian Universities
system and the inevitable corruption in which the system itself is now
enveloped Examination Leakages, Course not rackets. Sex for grades amongst
other characteristics of the system that no longer prepare students for good
citizenship.
Cultism has merely as the violent
aspect of a system which no longer serves its basic function. Under finding
Universities by the federal and state governments, intervention of public
affairs that are not conversant with campus life has been recognized as part of
the causes of frequency strike in which universities found themselves.
Universities have been forced to
admit more students than can cope with and have frequent been compelled to
admit students they would other wise reject
1.3 OBJECTIVE
OF THE STUDY
The purpose of the research is to:
- Asses
the extent and the various causative factors, which lead to the prevalence of
strike on universities campus.
- To
critically analyze the social and psychological factors that influence strike
actions.
- Identify
when strike is necessary and when it is not necessary.
- To
determine the effect of strike on academic activities in Nigeria Universities.
1.4 RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
Some fundamental questions that are
posed in the course of study are as follows.
- What
are the effects of strike action on workers
- Does
an increased occurrence of strike action have any significant
influence on academic standards?
- What
factors lead to strike action on LASU campus?
- Are
there any major crises associated with strike action
- What
are the socio-economic effects of strike action on the employee?
- What
are the efficient ways for managing strike action?
1.5 RESEARCH
HYPOTHESIS
A. - Ho1: Government
interference in Universities brings about incessant strike actions.
B. - Ho2: Strike
action persists in Nigeria Universities because workers are not well
remunerated.
C. - Ho3: Inadequate
infrastructure in the Universities system is a cause of strike action by the
work force.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY
The research study helps to educate
and give overview of the problem of strike action. It will enlighten the
general public, the Universities (OJO CAMPUS) community, academic staff,
student and government on strike action as a phenomenon. The study will also
provide useful information for policy planners, mangers, employers, workers as
well as general public.
The finding of the study will also
be useful to scholar and students.
1.7 SCOPE
AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The major concern of this study is
to determine and to know why workers are involved in strike action, its merit
and demerits, its role in the service and how it achieves it aims, it
definitions, causes and the extern of strike actions on our society, this is
necessary because it leads us to the conditions under strike can take place
which specific reference to Lagos State Universities (ONO CAMPUS).
1.8 DEFINITIONS
OF TERMS
ANTAGONISTIC: -
A person who show or feels opposition
BARRICADED: A
barrier made from the nearest available object and placed across something as a
defense or an obstacle.
PRICE HIKE: An
increased in the cost of something.
EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION: Place
where relevant ideals, knowledge, value and skill and training of individuals.
RECALCITRANT: Resisting
authority or discipline.
STANDARD: A
special level of quality
SOLIDARITY: Unity,
agreement and support result from shared interest, feeling, actions and sympathizers
e.t.c.
SYSTEM: - A
group of things or parts working together as a whole
STRIKE: Refusal
to work by an employee at a particular period of time.
TOPIC: EFFECT OF STRIKE ON THE QUALITY OF EDUCATION IN LAGOS STATE HIGHER INSTITUTION
Format: MS Word
Chapters: 1 - 5
Delivery: Email
Delivery: Email
Number of Pages: 65
Price: 3000 NGN
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