CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background to the Study
The agricultural sector in Nigeria is the most
important non-oil sector of the economy, it is one of the largest employer of
labour forces (National Bureau of Statistics, 2010). It plays a significant
role in the Nigerian economy with 4.14 percent contribution to the GDP. The
benefit it offers to the economy include production of food for consumption, raw
material for the industries, foreign exchange earnings and also serves as the
major revenue generation for the country before the oil boom (Olajideet al.,
2007). After the oil boom the sector has suffered neglect due to government
inconsistent policies over the years (Akinlabiet al, 2008). This led to change
in emphasis from agriculture and low return in terms of efficiency and
performance. According to Food and Agriculture Organization (2012) dichotomy
has emanated in the agricultural production sector in the sense that while crop
production is characterized by falling prices due to large supplies and stock
replenishment in the recent years, cost of livestock production is increasing over
the time due to high feed costs and reduced global livestock inventories and production
(Food and Agricultural Organization, 2012). Also there seems to be more focus
on livestock production due to increase in market demand driven by population growth
in developing countries. Research findings on processing and marketing of dairy
product has shown that economic efficiency and success of a dairy product
largely depend on effective management of operations like milk procurement,
processing and marketing of dairy products as well as efficient marketing
system (Dhaka et al. ,2007). This minimizes cost of marketing such that
consumers are provided with quality product at an affordable price. Dairy
development in Nigeria involves various activities such as milk production, importation,
processing, marketing and consumption. Despite the unorganized system of the
dairy industry, it still represents an important component of the agricultural
sector of the economy with great institutional and social implications (Food
and Agriculture Organization, 2007). Dairy products are also found mostly where
the culture of people favors cattle rearing and where the climatic condition support
grass land vegetation which provides the basic food for milk producing animals
(Lawalet al.,2012). Imported dairy products are available across the country
both in urban and rural outlets. The industries serve as a means of livelihood
for most rural pastorals farmers in the sub humid and semi-arid area of the
country. Dairy products appear in the market in different forms such as sour
milk (Nono) cheese (wara), sour yoghurt (kindirmo), while some are imported in
the form of sweetened concentrated milk, butter and cheese. Yoghourt can be
made from variety of milk such as cow, buffalo, and goat milk. There are also
several types of yoghurt such asflavoured or unflavoured, sweetened and unsweetened,
and some with differing level of fat contents. Sour milk is also another dairy
product mostly found among Fulani dairy women. It is referred to as ―nono‖
usually made from skimmed milk usually sold with ―fura‖ a doughty patties of
sorghum or millet .Sour milk is mostly produced traditionally by uncontrolled
fermentation of milk with lactic acid bacteria which occur naturally in the milk
(Peter,2011). This sour milk usually has a distinct smell and coarse texture as
a result of fermentation which generated new aroma.
Cheese is a concentrated source of milk, produced by
coagulation or curdling of milk through starring, heating the curd and draining
of the whey. It contributes to animal protein and mineral intake especially in
rural communities (Akintundeet al., 2010). It is mostly processed by Fulani women
from unpasteurized cow milk, using traditional processing method (Awoyeleet al,
2014). It quality varies with breeds of cow whose milk is being used (Yunusa,
2011). Despite the traditional method employed in the production, the small
quantities of cheese produced appear to be a valuable food and source of
protein particularly among the Fulani were it serves as a means of livelihood. (Akintundeet
al, 2010).
1.2
Problem Statement
As the trends of population increase, income growth
and urbanization has resulted in tremendous growth in demands for animal
protein such as meat, milk and eggs. Consequently the dairy industries have not
been able to meet the demand of the country for dairy and dairy products. There
have been expressions of fear in terms of food production. Dairy products
provide the most important amino acid required for the body. Presently there is
a perception that food production may not be enough to feed the teaming
population and ensuring maximum food security for all (Food and Agriculture Organization,
2012). Despite Nigeria’s agricultural potentials to ensure food security for all,
there is still insufficient food production. Over the time there has been
inability to feed on right portion of calories by most household. Animal
protein consumption does not commensurate with the recommended intake by
nutritionists (Opanaku, 2006). In Africa, Nigeria is one of the countries with
the potential of being a major milk producer if well harnessed, but absence of
improved method of processing, packaging, storage and marketing of dairy
product has made it substantially difficult for internal use as well as for export. Despite the potential possess
by the dairy industries and high consumption pattern among the dairy farmers in
the study area only very few study have been conducted in the study area. Most
of these researches lay more emphasis on nutritional quality of
cheese. Akintunde etal 2010 focus on the analysis and microbiological quality of
local cheese. Also,Yunusa (2011) focuses on the quality characteristic of
cheese produced from different breeds of cattle. However no study seems to have
been carried out research on the profitability and marketing of dairy in the
study area. In this light these study intend to identify knowledge gap on
profitability and marketing of dairy products in the study area. Therefore the
questions this study seeks to answer are:
i. What are the socio economics characteristics of dairy processors and
marketers in the study area?
ii. What are the cost and return of processing and marketing of dairy
products?
iii. What are the marketing structures and performances of dairy product
in the
study area?
iv. What are the factors militating against the marketing and processing
of dairy
products?
Department: Agricultural Economics
Format: Microsoft Word
Format: Microsoft Word
Chapters: 1 - 5, Preliminary Pages, Abstract, References, Questionnaire
Delivery: Email
Delivery: Email
No. of Pages: 82
Price: 3000 NGN
In Stock
No comments:
Post a Comment
Add Comment