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ABSTRACT
The
study examined the influence of information communication technology on
academic performance of students at the University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos,
Nigeria. The study reviewed relevant literatures in the following dimensions:
Introduction, the concept and nature of Information Communication Technology,
the utilization of Information Communication Technology (ICT), the problems
inhibiting utilization of Information Communication Technology, purpose of
University Education in Nigeria, the relevance/Role of Information
Communication Technology (ICT) in Improving Quality of University Education,
Information Communication Technology as a facilitator to teaching and learning
and summary of review.Four research questions and four null hypotheses were
formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance scores from the
questionnaire administered to 160 sandwich students at the University of Lagos,
Akoka , Lagos State, in the Mainland Local Government Area of Lagos State,
Nigeria. The percentage frequency counts were used to analysis the bio-data and
the research questions, while the Pearson Product Moment Correlation and
independent test statistical tools were used to determine the level of
relationship between sandwich studentship and information communication
technology (ICT). The findings include:
i.
That there is a perfect relationship
between information communication technology and students’ academic performance
at the University of Lagos.
ii.
That there is a perfect relationship
between information communication technology and students’ academic achievement
at the University of Lagos.
iii.
It was indicated in hypothesis three
result that there is a significant difference between the academic performance
of students who were taught using the ICT and those taught without ICT at the
University of Lagos.
iv.
Finally, it found that there is a significant
gender difference in the academic performance of students due to the use of ICT
at the University of Lagos.
INTRODUCTION
Background to the Study
The predominant means of instruction
has traditionally been through verbal medium, either as spoken lecture or
written text. As more instructional resources of many different "media
types become available to students, especially the sandwich ones through the
internet, there is a need for educators to understand when these sources may be
used effectively for instruction, as well as a need for students to develop an
additional set of literacy skills in order to learn from these sources
(Anyakoha, 1990). This implies that, the medium of instruction being used in
the teaching and learning processes can either enhance the learning out-comes
of students in any subjects or mar the outcomes. According to Uzodinma (2000),
teachers have a significant role to play in the teaching and learning of the
students in any school system anywhere. This is because, the method of teaching
applied by the teacher in coaching the students, helps the student to excel in
the classroom.
Tyner (2000) argued that in the
information age. the concept of literacy has been simultaneously broadened and
splinted into many literacies in part because "the all purpose word
literacy seems hopelessly anachronistic, tainted with the nostalgic ghost of a
fleeting industrial age. The term information communication technology is among
several terms that have been associated with literacy to emphasize that
literacy extends beyond reading and writing the alphabetic codes, and should
include a variety of audiovisual forms of representation. This means that, the
use of audio-visual as a form of teaching in the classroom, is very effective
in the learning performance of the students in the Nigerian school system.
Similarly, audio-visual aids gives meaningful impetus to the teaching situation
in the classroom. This is because, the child learns more if what is taught in
the classroom is displayed to the child by the teacher, thereby buttressing the
Chinese saying that "what I see, I remember, what I hear, I forget'.
Therefore, to teach the child effectively, the teacher ought to apply the audio-visual
instrument which assists the vision of the child to see what the teacher has
displayed in the classroom for better understanding and comprehension which by
extension, compliment the learning performance of the child (Nkemdirim, 2012).
Associating Information
Communication Technology (ICT) with the literacy also highlights a belief among
many scholars and educators that conceptions of literacy or studentship and how
it is developed should not focus exclusively on printed materials but should
include electronic media that have moved into the mainstream of communication
especially at the end of the twentieth century. The above statement shows that,
for students to improve on their learning performance in the classroom in any
subject-matter, the recent information communication technology should be used
to teach the child for more effective learning out-comes of the child. As
Adeleke (2009) puts it, the utilization of the modern equipment in teaching the
child in the classroom, especially the use of the computer, the audio-media
which include the audio-visual, the flannel boards, and other digital materials
that assist the teacher to teach more effectively in the classrooms .This means
that, if the teacher is very experienced and well trained, the application of the
above mentioned digital equipment, will help to express the main points of the
subjects in the classrooms. According to Anyanwu (2010), the application of
good methods of teaching, obviously enhances the learning effectiveness of the
sandwich student in any subject-matter. This also means that, the level at
which students learn in the classroom, is dependent on the kind of teaching
methods applied by the teacher in the classroom.
Implicit in these views is that
research and practice related to literacy must be transformed to accommodate
new ways of accessing, processing and using information by students generally
and by the sandwich students in particular (Aaron, 1997). Information
encompasses a wide range variety of things ranging from oral and printed words,
figures, statements, files and documents to such intangible elements as sound
signals, rays and waves. Whatever the form information takes, the essence of
information is that it conveys messages. The implication of the above
statements is that, the physical classroom teaching must be carried out by
exemplifying the main ingredients of the subject-matter in the classroom by the
teacher.
Uzoma (2007), is of the
opinion that the use of printed words, sound signals, figures, statements and
other forms of information communication technology by the classroom teacher,
no doubt, will improve the learning performance of the sandwich students at the
University of Lagos and other higher institutions in Nigeria. For the sandwich
students to appreciate better the teaching in the classroom, their teachers
must apply effect teaching methods which include modern equipment
which help students to learn effectively,
especially the sandwich students. UNESCO (1979), defined information simply as
"set of data recorded in a methodical manner" which includes: any
item of knowledge capable of facilitating the operation of a system; and any
numerical or alpha-numerical quantity processed by the machine, the aggregate
of information constitutes the data and results of a problem. (Adamson, 1998),
claims that the term information technology refers to the application of
scientific knowledge in teaching and situations in any given school system.
Information communication technology, therefore can be defined as the
acquisition, processing, storage and dissemination of vocal, pictoral, textual
and numerical information by a micro-based combination of computing and
telecommunication.
For instance, Amaonye (2011) is of
the opinion that, the computer can be used as an instrument of solving
arithmetic problems such as addition, subtraction, division, and so on. It can
be used to analyse statistical data using Statistical Programme for Social
Sciences (SPSS). In addition, the computer is useful for direct learning in a
classroom without the presence of the teacher. This is referred to as Computer
Assisted Instruction (CAI). Related to this in the educational setting is that
it does perform administrative and managerial functions. With the use of the
computer, sandwich students can store and Retrieve a»d necessary information at
will, and this will necessarily improve their academic achievement in the
school. Equally, the use of the modern communication technology such as the
computer, the electronic mails, the world wide web (www), the news groups, the
twitter, the you tube, the facebook and so on, has widened the horizon of
computer use for educational research in the world today.
According to
Onwuamanam (2008), telecommunication is
a special kind of communication
in which information is conveyed over a long distance. Information
communication technology (ICT) also refers to the more efficient and effective
way of storing, accessing and updating information than processes involving
paper. In the recent time, sandwich students, most especially, have benefited
from the use of information communication technology (ICT) such as computer,
television, telephone and the internet as a veritable sources of information in
their academic career or pursuit. For instance, the sandwich students now use
the internet to get information that are necessary for carrying out their
assignments or and reading materials for their examinations or class tests or
even for reading purposes and entertainment.
Uzoma (1999) opined that sandwich
students, and most adolescents use the information communication technology
especially the internet to gather vital educational information or materials,
register their courses of study, check their results of JAMB, NECO, GCE, POST
UME etc. Onuoha (2000), posited that the advent of information technology has
made education more simple and easy for students especially, the students in
the sandwich studies at University of Lagos. Onuoha claimed that information
communication technology has helped sandwich students in many ways such as
project writing and collection of necessary information leading to effective
studies. Onuoha further stated that information communication technology has
created a remarkable -. balance and effectiveness in the daily activities of
students mostly the sandwich students who are in the habits of using the
computer and the internets to carry out faster storage and retrieval of
information in the academic environment or school. This has enabled the
sandwich students to carry out more robust and effective in the school, thereby
creating a positive impact on the academic achievement of the students (Brunno,
2006).
As Adelekunnu (1994) puts it,
information communication technology (ICT) can be used to assist sandwich
students to get along with others, thereby achieving self-reliance and
educational success. Not only that, information communication technology is
capable of enabling the sandwich students to socialize with their peers and
associates in the academic environment and at the home front. Alamezie (2003)
opines that ICT materials are capable of the sandwich students to excel in
their academic career. Also, it can help f ft them
to achieve professional success and to adhere to societal values and norms.
With information technology, sandwich students can achieve high academic
laurels in school, especially at the University of Lagos.
Statement
of the Problem
The problems inherent in the use of
ICT by sandwich students cannot be overemphasized. This is because, information
communication technology seems to have corrupted students, especially, the
adolescents and even adults who are in sandwich studies. For instance, some
sandwich students are often seen glued for hours to the television and the
internet watching or viewing pornographic films or pictures that are capable of
bending their minds and distorting their dispositions. Studies carried out by
(Asobie, Achizie and Anywanwu., 1995), have shown that some sandwich students
who browse the internets often are more corrupt than those who do not.
Sandwich students who use the
internet often or watch the television involved in sexual promiscuity,
examination malpractices, stealing and other vices or indisciplines that are
always carried out in the school, especially at the University of Lagos. In
recent times, many sandwich students have been caught using Global System
Mobile Network (GSM) phones to carry out or perpetrate examination
malpractices; to connect friends and associates in crimes in order to excel in
their examinations. This has shown that, most sandwich students do not read or
study their books or the materials given to them for study, but rather depend on
the information or other chips from the internet to pass their examinations.
The advent of information communication technology has made many sandwich
students so lazy that they cannot carry out independent and meaningful academic
work without recourse to the internet or an external material to excel in their
examinations at the University of Lagos.
This researcher is of the opinion
that the advent of information communication technology has ingenuity of the
sandwich students and has caused them exhibit low academic performance in the
school. Sandwich students hardly crack their brains to do some meaningful
academic work, but always hope on the utilization of information received via
the mail or the internet. This has in any case lowered the standards of
education in Nigeria in the contemporary period.
The above identified problems gave
rise to examination of information communication technology and sandwich
academic performance in school
Research Objectives
The major purpose of this study is
to carry out an investigation on the sandwich students' academic performance
and information communication technology utilization at University of Lagos.
Other purposes include the
following:
1. Examine
whether information communication technology has influence on sandwich
students' academic performance.
2. Assess whether there is a significant relationship between information
communication technology and students' academic failure.
3. Assess
whether sandwich students utilize ICT more often than the full- time students.
4. Determine
whether there is gender difference in the academic performance of students due
to the use of ICT among sandwich students.
Research Questions
The
following research questions were raised in this study:
1. To
what extent can information communication technology influence the academic
performance of sandwich students?
2. Is
there any relationship between information communication
technology and sandwich students' academic failure?
3. Do
sandwich students use Information Communication Technology more often than the
full-time students at the University of Lagos?
4. Is
there any gender difference in academic performance of sandwich students due to
the use of information communication technology?
Research Hypotheses
The
under mentioned hypotheses were tested in this study.
1. There
is no significant relationship between information communication technology and
students’ academic performance at the University of Lagos.
2. There
is no significant relationship between information communication technology and
students academic failure at the University of Lagos.
3. There
is no significant difference between the academic performance of students who
use ICT and those who did not.
4. There
is no significant gender difference in the academic performance of sandwich
students due to the use of ICT.
Significance of the Study
This
study will be beneficial to the following:
Sandwich
students will benefit from the findings and recommendations of this study
because it will help them to be more aware of the information communication
technology in the school. This study will enable students to get more involved
in the utilization of information communication technology due to the benefits
derivable from it.
Teachers
will find this study beneficial because they would avail themselves of the
opportunity to get involved in the use of information communication technology
because of the numerous benefits that can be derived from it. It will also
assist them in sourcing out relevant information on what to teach in the
school.
Parents
would benefit from this study because it will enable them to know the benefits
their children/wards derive from using the information communication technology
in their academic work or activities. Parents themselves, will avail themselves
of the opportunity of knowing the importance of information communication technology
through this study and those who do not use information communication
technology would start to use it as it is beneficial to all human activities.
The
School Authority would to be able to know more about information communication
technology and its functions especially in the life of the sandwich/full-time
students. The recommendations of this study will enable the school authority to
expand its policy on the availability and usage of information communication
technology in the school system in Nigeria, especially in Lagos State.
The
society will benefit from this study, because the general members of the
society would derive knowledge of the use of information communication
technology. This study will also afford the society to know more about information
communication technology and its functions in the world today.
Scope
of the Study
This
study covered the influence of information communication technology utilization
on students’ academic performance at the University of Lagos, Akaka, Lagos
State, Nigeria.
Definition of Terms
Operational
terms were defined in this study thus:
Sandwich
Studentship: This refers to students who
are involved in sandwich studies. Students who were admitted without Joint
Admission and Matriculation Board (JAMB).
Information
technology – Information communication
technology is the acquisition, processing, storage and dissemination of vocal,
pictorial, textual and numerical information by a micro-based combination of
computing and telecommunication. It is the newest source of information
students applied in solving their academic problems in the schools.
Utilization –
This is the making use of information communication technology in solving
academic problems by students in tertiary institutions in Lagos State.
Assessment –
This refers to the act of assessing and valuing of information through the
accessibility of materials derived from ICT.
Evaluation –
With information communication technology, students and their teachers make
important evaluation of the material derive from ICT.
Acquisition –
This refers to the act of acquiring information necessary for academic work by
students in the tertiary institutions.
TOPIC: INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF SANDWICH STUDENTS
Format: MS Word
Chapters: 1 - 5
Delivery: Email
Delivery: Email
Number of Pages: 65
Price: 3000 NGN
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