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ABSTRACT
This
research study was aimed at identifying the impact of Computer Based
Instruction on the Learning effectiveness of the Hearing impaired Pupils.
A
descriptive survey design was adopted while questionnaire demanding specific
information were posed for the hearing impaired teachers.
Data
collected from respondents were used for the study. A total number of two
hundred (200) respondents comprising one hundred (100) males and one hundred
(100) females were selected for the study.
They
were included through the stratified sampling techniques. Data collected were
analyzed using frequency and mean while hypotheses was tested using the
independent t-test statistical tool at 0.05 level of significance. The result
of the findings revealed that most teachers of the hearing impaired pupils have
not fully equipped or engaged themselves with new technology because they were
not exposed to training that incorporate CBI into the teaching of the hearing
impaired. It was indicated that CBI is relevant and effective to bring about
high academic standard of the hearing impaired in Basis Science. The researcher
therefore recommended that government should provide adequate CBI equipment for
our hearing impaired schools, and train the teachers regularly on the use of
CBI. Provide adequate supply of power because it was agreed that insufficient
power supply have caused hindrance in the effectiveness of the hearing
impaired, employ skilled technology teachers that can handle CBI effectively
for better academic performance of the hearing impaired pupils in our special
schools in Lagos State.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title
Page i
Certification ii
Dedication ii
Acknowledgement iv
Table of
Contents v
List of Tables vi
Abstract vii
Chapter One: Introduction 1
1.1 Background
of the
Study 1
1.2 Statement
of the
Problem 4
1.3 Purpose
of
Study 5
1.4 Significant
of the
Study 6
1.5 Research
Question 7
1.6 Delimitation
of the
Study 8
1.7 Limitation
of
Study 8
1.8 Definition
of Terms 9
Chapter
Two: Literature
Reviewed 10
2.0 Introduction 10
2.1 Learning
Effectiveness on the Hearing Impaired Children Based on
Convention Methods of
Teaching 11
2.2 Learning
Effectiveness of the Hearing Impaired Children Based of
Computer Instructional
Methods 18
2.3 Ways
of improving the Learning of the Hearing Impaired Children
with the uses of Computer-Based
Instruction 23
2.4 Relationship
between the Learning Effectiveness when using
Computer -Based Instruction and the
Conventional Teaching
Methods on the Hearing
Impaired 26
2.5 The
challenges faced by the Hearing Impaired Pupils in Learning
Basic
Sciences 31
2.6 Summary
of the Literature
Review 36
Chapter
Three: Research Methodology 38
3.0 Introduction 38
3.1 Research
Design 38
3.2 Population of
the
study 38
3.3 Sample Size and
Sampling
Technology 39
3.4 Instrumentation 39
3.5 Validity of
Instrument 40
3.6 Reliability of
the
Instrument 40
3.7 Procedure for
Data Collection 41
3.8 Data
Analysis 41
Chapter
Four: Data
Analysis and Discussion 42
2.0 Introduction 42
4.1 Result of
Analysis 42
4.2 Testing of
Hypothesis 49
4.3 Discussion of
Research
Finding 50
Chapter
Five: Summary,
Conclusion and
Recommendations 54
5.1 Introduction 54
5.2 Summary
of the
study 54
5.3 Conclusion 55
5.4 Recommendations 57
5.5 Suggestion
for further
Studies 58
References 60
Appendix I
Questionnaire 64
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
Education
is a key to the development of an individual’s potential, nation’s prospects
and the world as a whole. Education has become a fundamental tool for
developing economics of the nations of the world. It is on this premise that
the United Nations (UN) mandated that education should be part of the
privileges and rights the citizenry or any member of the society should enjoy
(Olutayo, 2000).
To
date, in an attempt to ensure an equal educational opportunities for all, there
is still one un-served population that unlike some groups, is hard to identify,
place and programme in public schools. They are the handicapped children.
Handicapped children are referred to as special children or exceptional
children and this points to the importance of the different kind of care they
need (Oyebola, 1997). There has been a conscious move towards the integration
of handicapped children into regular school programmes, not only in Nigeria but
in most countries of the world. During the world congress of the council for
exceptional children (CEC) held in Stilling, Scotland a lot of emphasis was
placed on mainstreaming.
There
are three types of impairment which are physical and health impairment, visual
impairment and hearing impairment, but this research work will emphasis on
hearing impairment and how performances of hearing impairment students can be
improved through Computer Based
Instructions.
The condition of the auditory system which makes it either total or partially
defective is referred to as hearing impairment (Okuoyibo, Oyewunmi and
Adediran, 1998). Hearing appeals to sense of hearing, this implies that hearing
is the ability of a child to hear sound through the ear, the auditory nerves
and the auditory cortex. Hearing impairment is inability of a person to hear
sound.
The
use of computer has brought improvement to the life of mankind in all human
endeavours most especially in education. Computers are now used in education to
monitor students achievements, teach students and also as instructional media
to assists in teaching in the classroom. This use of computer in education is
referred to as Computer-based instruction. Omoniyi (2003) refers to Computer
Based Instruction (CBI) as a common use of computer in education that computer
acts as a teacher. The computer can be used to provide interactive lessons in
which case, the software is programmed by computer experts for a particular
subject area and the students are tutored while executing the programme.
Omoniyi
gave five categories of computers-based instruction which are drill and
practice, tutorials, instructional stimulations, instructional games and
problem-solving. Computer based instruction improves instruction for students
with disabilities because students receive immediate feedback and do not
continue to practice wrong skills. Computer captures the students’ attention
because the programmes are interactive and engages the students’ spirits of
competences to increase their performance. CBI makes students to learn at his
own pace (Jefferson, 2004).
The
research work focus on the effectiveness on computer based instruction on
hearing impaired students, many researchers such as Ralph et al (2002) found
that computer based instruction improved learning achievement while some agreed
that computer based instruction alone is not enough but it supplements
conventional method.
Conventional
or traditional method of teaching is not sufficient but rather complementing it
with computer based instructions. In a research conducted on learning of
disabled such as mentally retarded, hearing impaired, emotionally disturbed and
language disorder students indicates that their achievement level is greater
with computer based instruction than traditional method of teaching. Mevarch
and Rich (1985) compared the effects of CBI on participants and found that
there was higher performance in learning outcomes among the pupils than those
who were taught with conventional method.
1.2 Statement
of Problem
The
problems inherent in the learning effectiveness of the hearing impaired pupils
at the special pre-primary and primary schools and indeed at other levels of
Nigerian system of education cannot be overemphasized and underrated. This is
because children who do not hear like other children, do not have high or
positive academic achievement due to their handicap condition. It is a
statement of fact, that hearing is one of the sense organs of the body, and it
is used to learn in school. Now, students or pupils who have hearing
impairment, find it absolutely difficult to learn because they do not hear what
the teacher is saying, what the learner says in the classroom, neither do they
hear the interactions of their fellow students/pupils in the classroom. The
above problems put together, have prevented the pupils who have difficulties in
hearing, from performing better in school like their counter parts who hear
well.
The
problem of the learning impaired pupils in our primary schools have been
aggravated due to the fact that most of handicapped schools of our primary
schools do not have the facilities to assist these hearing impaired pupils in
school. For instance, lack of computer-based instruction and functional
computers to carry out these instructions in order to help the learning
impaired, has worsened the learning conditions of the hearing impaired pupils,
and thus, their academic outcomes have also been affected negatively.
The
above identified problems, gave rise to the investigation of the effects of
computer based instruction on the learning effectiveness of the hearing
impaired pupils in Lagos State special schools.
1.3 Purpose
of the Study
The
purpose of the study is to determine the effects of Computer-Based Instruction
on the learning effectiveness of learning impaired pupils in Lagos State
special primary schools. Specifically, the study shall:
(1) find
out the learning effectiveness of the hearing impaired children using the
conventional teaching methods.
(2) examine
the learning effectiveness of the hearing impaired children using the
Computer-Based Instructional method.
(3) examine
ways in which the learning of the hearing impaired children can be improved
using the computer based instruction.
(4) investigate
the relationship between the use of computer based instruction and the
conventional teaching methods for the hearing impaired students.
(5) find
out the challenges faced by hearing impaired pupils in learning basic science.
1.4 Significance
of the Study
The
findings and recommendations of this study would be beneficial to the following
individuals:
(1) Teachers would gain more
knowledge as a result of the findings and recommendations raised in this study.
This is because, to teachers, especially those teaching sciences, this study
will put them in the right track and be an added knowledge to what they already
know in the subjects they teach especially in the area of computer-based
instruction in the school. It would help them to teach the hearing impaired
group of students effectively.
(2) As a result of this study,
students would be exposed to computer-based teaching and learning processes in
the school, as the recommendations and findings would help them to understand
the nitty gritty of using computer to learn.
(3) Parents would no doubt, be
able to properly be in the position to know the importance of teaching their
hearing impaired children through the use of computer. This study will make
parents to appreciate the need to use the computer to assist children/wards who
have hearing problems and make them to learn like every other child even at
home.
(4) The society will not be
left out in benefiting from the recommendations and findings of this study.
This is because the members of the larger society would be able to know vividly
the importance of the use of computer in assisting or teaching the child who
does not hear in order to make him/her to learn like others in the school.
1.5 Research
Questions
(1) What is the learning
effectiveness of the hearing impaired children using the conventional teaching
methods?
(2) To what extent can the
learning effectiveness of the hearing impaired children using the
Computer-Based Instructional method be examined?
(3) In which ways can the
learning of the hearing impaired children be improved using the computer based
instruction?
(4) What is the relationship
between the effects in use of computer based instruction and the conventional
teaching methods for the hearing impaired students?
(5) What are the challenges
faced by hearing impaired pupils in learning basic science?
1.6 Research
Hypotheses
The following hypotheses have been
formulated to guide this study. Each hypothesis is tested at P < 0.05
level of significance.
(1) There will be no
significant difference between computer-based instruction and the conventional
teaching methods among the hearing impaired students.
(2) There is no significant
difference on the mean effects in learning among hearing impaired students
taught with computer assisted instruction and conventional method.
1.7 Scope
and Limitation of the Study
This study covered the effects of
computer-based instruction on the learning effectiveness of hearing impaired
pupils in special primary schools located in Mainland Local Government Area of
Lagos State. Finance, time and sourcing materials for the study would be an
hindrance to the timely completion of the study.
1.8 Definition
of Terms
i. Integration: This
is the process of educating all students irrespective of their handicapping
condition along with their no handicapped peers. In this study, integration
means mixing normal and handicap pupils in the same school.
ii. Handicap: The
problems and difficulties a person encounters because of physical disability or
behavioural characteristic makes him or her different from others.
iii. Disability: Is
a physical problem that limits a person ability to perform certain tasks that
most other people can perform.
iv. Hearing
impairment: Are those in whom the sense of hearing is non functional
for the ordinary purpose of life.
v. Visually
impaired (Blind): Are those who cannot read and write print after all
optical corrective measures have been taken.
vi. The
learning disabled: Is one who exhibits one or more deficits in the
essential learning process of perception, conceptualization, language memory,
attention and impulse control (Crownin, 1978).
vii. Special
Education: The education of children and adults who have learning
difficulties because of different sort of handicaps.
TOPIC: EFFECTS OF COMPUTER-BASED INSTRUCTION ON THE LEARNING EFFECTIVENESS OF HEARING IMPAIRED PUPILS
Format: MS Word
Chapters: 1 - 5
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Delivery: Email
Number of Pages: 65
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