ABSTRACT
The focus of this research has been
to investigate the effects of birth other on the Educational Development of
students. Five Secondary Schools in Mainland Local Government Area of Lagos
State have been used for the study.
Four research hypotheses focusing on
the relationship between birth-order and students academic performance and
educational development, the relationship between family size and students
educational development, the relationship between social-economic status of a
child's family and his educational development, the difference in the
performance and educational development of the first, middle, last born child.
Two hundred (200) students were
randomly drawn from the Five Secondary Schools.
The instrument used in the study was
a set of Questionnaire. The researcher administered the instrument on the
subject after seeking and obtaining permission from the principals of the schools
used. The required data was collected after the researcher had explained and
given instruction to the students on what to do with the instruments. Pearson's
Product Moment Correlation Co-efficient and chi-square analysis were used in
analyzing the data.
In the course of the study, it was
discovered that factors like birth order, family background, socio-economic
background of the child, parental interest and attitude towards children's
education, parental level of education, and the level of interaction between
parents and their children affect students educational development either
positively or other wise.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER
ONE - INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background of the Study
1.2
Statement of the Problem
1.3
Purpose of the Study
1.4
Significance of the study
1.5
Research Questions
1.6
Hypotheses of the Study
1.7
Scope of the Study
1.8
Limitations of the Study
1.9
Definition of Terms
CHAPTER
TWO - LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0
Introduction
2.1
Family Size (Forms of Family) Socio-Economic Status
2.2
The Relationship Between Home Environment and intelligence Quotient
CHAPTER
THREE – RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.0
Introduction
3.1
Research Design
3.2
Population of the Study
3.3
Sample and Sampling Techniques
3.4
Research Instrument
3.5
Validation
3.6
Reliability
3.7
Method of Data Collection
3.8
Method of Data Analysis
CHAPTER
FOUR – DATA ANALYSIS
4.1
INTRODUCTION
4.2
Data Analysis
4.2.1
Hypothesis One
4.2.2
Hypothesis Two
4.2.3
Hypothesis Three
4.2.4
Hypothesis Four
4.3
Summary and Findings
CHAPTER
FIVE – DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS FOR
FURTHER RESEARCH
5.0
Introduction
5.1
Research Hypothesis One
5.2
Research Hypothesis Two
5.3
Research Hypothesis Three
5.4
Research Hypothesis Four
5.5
Conclusion
5.6
Recommendations
5.7
Suggestions for Further Studies
REFERENCES
APPENDIX
1
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
TO THE STUDY
Birth order is significant in child
rearing, consequently the family is first in the life of the child in several
ways. As Cooley put it "the family is the cradle of personality". It
is primary in point of time in the processing or induction of the child into
society and culture.
The new individual's basic drives
and need can reach fruition only with the setting provided by these people who
surround him. His interpersonal relationships will be reflected not ire terms
of any cultural determinant alone but in terms of the various individual
differentials represented by family members. Therefore it is pertinent to note
that intellectual development in social studies as a subject area has to be
viewed closely putting into consideration the family unit as being the key
ingredients in the formation of eventual IQ growth, along with environment
variable of a student's family.
A child’s personality or
socialization trend may depend on his sibling position or birth order. The
impact of ordinal birth position upon the child and sibling relationship has
received considerable exploration nation wide, certain generalizations may now
be made if we remember that all of their birth positions are incident to the
social and emotional Climate of the home. And this depends largely on the types
of homes, like the nuclear family, which can be looked at as a democratic home
with a minimum frustration. And the extend family with it accompanying
frustration. Again of these types of families, the socio-economic status also
counts in determining its correlation to personality development of the
individual student in general and their performance in social studies in
particular.
In this study these generalization
.will be grouped into the oldest child(as first born child) whose position in
the family structure is a unique one though various studies and writers
ascribe- different effects on the position.
The youngest child or the last child
in the family whose position is also a crucial position depending on the
economic condition of the family and accompanying cultural advantages for him.
The study of these age differentials
will go along way in helping teachers, parents and the society at large to
carry. out effective investigation of the effects of birth order on students
performances in social studies.
Birth order as an integral part of a
child formative and development stages is the much that will be focused on as
it affects the learning ability and assimilation rate of the students in social
studies.
Coupled with this is the home and
parental status and environmental factors militarizing against students
achievement in school generally and social studies in particular will also be
focused as an area of study, being an essential and a strong determinant of
measuring students performance in social studies. Coupled with this is the home
and parental status and environmental factors militating against students
achievement in school generally and social studies in particular will also be
focused as an area of study, being an essential and a strong determinant of
measuring students performance in social studies.
Birth order or order of delivery of
children in this case will be further viewed or analyzed from the perspective
of the first born child, the middle born child and the last born child as
earlier indicated.
Huni (1966), supports the motion
that the environment of the child has a great influence on the acquisition of
basic knowledge and skill.
Kernes ( 1997), points out that for
the child to grow intellectually and socially with increased independence-to
meet daily-life situation, the child must be provided a conductive environment
which helps him develop adequate motor skills and be motivated to learn.
The home is the foundation of
education because it plays a central role in socializing the child. The child
spends his early years and learns his language at home.
The importance of the family was
stressed by Data (1984) that the environment of the home remains a principal
settings in which the child's initial experience have an enduring impact on the
physical, intellectual and personality development of the child".
According to Datta, the early social and physical environment that home
provides for the child has an impact on his later social and cognitive
development.
Obanya (1981) further asserted that
the environment of the learner affects his attitude to schooling as well as his
performance in school.
Uche (1984) claims that there: is
enough evidence from past research findings, that child's school performance is
related to their background and to activities which go on in a child's home is
related to the social status of their parents.
He also believes that many tower
class parents fail to provide even the minimum level of reinforcement and
stimulation for their children intellectual development.
1.2 PURPOSE
OF THE STUDY
The purpose of the study is aimed at
stressing the indispensable effects of birth order on students performance
educational development. Consequently, that parents, teachers and. the society
Will be able to appreciate the various differences in the students throughout
their schooling periods. Thus, it is expected that through this study that
glaring effects of Birth order be enumerated enough for parents and the society
at large to take redress where necessary, and maintain an appreciated standard
of breeding children so as to attain a desired result of intelligent,
well-motivated children as a product of education.
The study will also help the
teachers understand why a student learns in the way he does and their
performances in social studies and also make the students aware of the various
variables that determine their academic achievement in social studies.
1.3 STATEMENT
OF THE PROBLEM
The specific statement of the
problem is to analyze the extent to which birth order of the children or their
positions in the family affects the child's performance in
sue: along with the
socio-economic status of the family.
Analysis of the position of the
children, that is, the first child, middle child and the last born child in the
family will be studied closely in order determine their academic
performance in social.
In order to ascertain the reasons
for the different levels of performance of the students with respect to their
individual positions in the family.
Miner (1969) has pointed out that
the socio-economic status of the child was related to the level of achievement
attained.
1.4 RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
The fundamental question which are
considered in this study are -
1. Is
there be any significant relationship between birth order and
students performance in educational
development?
2. Is there be any
significant relationship between family size and students performance in
school?
3. Is there be any
significant relationship between socio-economic status arid students
educational development?
4. Is there be any
significant difference in the performance and educational development of the
first child, middle child and the last child ?
1.5 HYPOTHESIS
OF THE STUDY
1. There is no
significant relationship between birth order (first, middle and last born
child) and students educational development.
2. There is no
significant relationship between family size and students educational
development.
3. There
is no significant relationship
between socio-economic
status of a child family and his
educational development.
4. There is no
significant difference in the cc of the first child, middle child and the last
born
1.6 SCOPE
OF THE STUDY
The study take a look at the effect
of Birth order on students performance and educational development
1.7 LIMITATION
OF THE STUDY
The research experience some forms
of limitation in the process of the
study.
The researcher experienced financial
constraints which inhibited the number of contacts that were made at the
various destinations and the number of questionnaires that were provided and
administered.
There was also general reluctance to
give information and other factors like accessibility to source of information
due to the formal protocols required by the Principals. Also insufficient
availability of Secondary data poses a constraint to the study.
Parents' reluctance to give
information or respond to questionnaires also militated against this research work.
The research is also limited to
mainland Local Government Area of Lagos State. Thus there is a limit to which
the result of the student could be generalized.
1.8 SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY
The significance of the study lies
in the fact that, it would create a sort of awareness about birth order in
education achievement.
Obviously, it would give an insight
into the reasons why certain students perform excellently in social studies
than the others. At the long run, the finding of this study will help
educationists, parents and teachers and the society at large to realize the
fact that students'. academic performance is not based on intelligence alone,
neither is it base solely on the socio-economic back ground of the students nor
on family size.
Thus, this study may be useful
to-educational planners, administrators, educational policy makers and other
societal issues.. This will make them to be aware of the fact that apart from
intelligence. quotient(IQ), attitude of the child and the parents' education
and standard of the school the child attends, others factors such as
socio-economic status of the family, Birth order produces an impact on the
academic performance of students in the school.
To the parents, this study will also
be significant in child rearing. Parents tend to discipline their borns more
than their other children and give them more attention.
Bringing out the real picture of the
contribution of the family to the academic performance of the child, thus
making the parents to bear a part of the blame that would normally be on the
child alone for his or her poor performance in school.
The school principals will find
study invaluable in that it will help in understanding the child better so as
to know why he or she performs in a particular way.
1.9 DEFINITION
OF TERMS
Nuclear Family: A
family which consists of a man, his wife and children. This is a smaller family
unit living a separate existence in contact with relatives but not
inter-dependent on them.
Extended Family: The
extended family may be a nuclear family or a polygamous family, it includes,
aunts, uncles, cousins, grand parents, wives of sons and their children as all
members of the family.
Polygamous Family: In
a polygamous family a man is legally married to more than one Wife Thus
polygamous family is made up of a man, his wives and their children.
Socio-Economic Status: This
refers to the social and economic position of an individual can find himself or
herself. It is regarded as the most significant predicting factor responsible
for the academic achievement of students depending on the family.
Environment: This
is the immediate physical surrounding of the child in the physical environment,
there exist forces such as temperature, humidity and pressure which affect the
individual and consequently his learning.
Academic Performance: It
can be defined as the result or out come of a student during the course of
study. It can also be said to be a phenomenon used to grade the successful out
comes of students in particular.
Intelligence Quotient(IQ) can be
said to mean Judgment, good sense, the ability to comprehend and to reason well
and to adapt one self to circumstances.
Home Environment: This
is used to refer to the atmospheric nature of an environment of which a
Family Size: This
include the total number of children and parents in an immediate family or
extended family.
Birth Order: It is the order of child
delivery, the position in which a child comes e.g. first, second and third.
TOPIC: EFFECT OF BIRTH ORDER ON STUDENTS EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Format: MS Word
Chapters: 1 - 5
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