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Impact of Information Communication Technology (ICT) on Teaching and Learning Integrated Science in Junior Secondary School
Abstract
The
main aim of this study was to find the perception of teachers and students of
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in teaching and learning of
integrated science in Junior secondary schools in Enugu South Local Government
Area. Three specific purposes and three corresponding research questions were
raised to guide the study. The literatures related to this study were reviewed
under conceptual framework, theoretical framework and empirical studies. The
research design adopted for this study was survey design. The population of the
study comprised 15,675 students and 15 junior secondary schools in Enugu South
Local Government Area of Enugu State. Simple random sampling technique was used
to select 100 junior secondary schools students. The instrument used to obtain information was
a structured questionnaire. The instrument used was validated by three
lecturers in the school of Education Godfrey Okoye University Enugu. Therefore, the findings of the study showed
that lack of funding for equipping information communication technology
facilities in junior secondary school have been a problem for the government to
equip all the necessary information communication technology facilities needed
by the junior secondary schools for effective teaching and learning. Lack of
skilled technical workers is another problem that junior secondary schools are
facing due to lack of funding to take them on train them on how to handle the
information communication technology facilities. Based on these, the study
recommended that ICT equipment and facilities should be made available to all
technical colleges. Government should encourage and put in place policies to
attract international codes and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) to invest
on ICT related projects in junior secondary schools.
CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background
to the Study
ICT is
an acronym that stands for information communication technology. However, apart from explaining an acronym,
there is not a universally accepted definition of ICT; this is because the
concepts, methods and applications involved in ICT are constantly evolving on
an almost daily basis. It is difficult to keep up with the changes- they happen
so fast (Wikipedia ICT_Education) James (2010). A good way to think about ICT
is to consider all the uses of digital technology that already exist to help
individuals, businesses and organization use information. ICT covers any
product that will store, retrieve, manipulate, transmit or receive information
electronically in a digital form. Such as personal computer, digital
television, email, robots. So ICT is concerned with the storage, retrieval,
manipulation, transmission or receipt of digital data Henry (2011).
Government
as an academic subject of study in junior secondary school education is
synonymous with politics, political and civic education. Politics as a concept
has a strong influence on the well being of the citizen and the stability of a
country. In Nigeria, a pervasive atmosphere of inconsistency in government
policies and absence of a political culture tend to prevail most of the time.
This atmosphere of uncertainty has led to constant friction within the
political system and this in essence led to political instability, a situation
which does not create room for meaningful development. It becomes imperative
that young generations of students in junior secondary schools as future
leaders of the nation should, as a matter of urgency, be given a through
political education with the aim of awakening in them a spirit of political
consciousness that will lead to high sense of loyalty, patriotism and
commitment to the nation’s goals Herry (2013).
Hence,
the study of government in junior secondary schools can be a useful vehicle for
fostering political consciousness if only our political leaders, policy makers
and educational agencies can formulate a curriculum that will help in molding
the youths to cultivate a positive attitude and the understanding of the
Nigeria Political system. The emergence of politically conscious youths in
Nigeria will make for wise use of their political rights by the citizenry by
voting into power, leaders that will be politically and economically vibrant.
In line with the above, it is imperative that the youths in junior secondary
schools as leaders of tomorrow should understand the rudiment of our political
systems to give them the insight into how these different political systems
operate. Therefore, no effort should be spared in teaching the future leaders
in such a way that will make them more interested in the study of government,
which is the only way to know the rules of the game of politics Ifeanyi (2010).
Information
and communication technologies (ICT) have become key tools and had a revolution
impact on how we see the world and how we live. Today, the place of ICTs in
education and the world in general cannot be undermined. Modern day businesses
are conducted and facilitated through the use of telephones, fax machines and
computer communication networks through the internet. This phenomenon has given
birth to the contemporary ecommerce, e-government, e-medicine, e-banking and education
among others.
According
to Bandele (2006), ICT is a revolution that involves the use of computers,
internet and other tele-communication technology in every aspect of human
endeavour. The author posited that ICT is a simply about sharing and having
access to data with ease. It is regarded as the super highway through which
formation is transmitted and shared by people all over the world. Ozoji in
Jimoh (2007) defined ICT as the handling and processing of information (texts,
images, graphs, instruction etc) for use, by means of electronic and
communication devices such as computers, cameras, telephone. Ofodu (2007) also
refer to ICT as electronic or computerized devices, assisted by human and
interactive materials that can be used for a wide range of teaching and
learning as well as for personal use. From these definitions, ICT could
therefore be defined as processing and sharing of information using all kinds
of electronic device, an umbrella that includes all technologies for the
manipulation and communication of information. The field of education has
certainly been affected by the penetrating influence of ICT worldwide and in
particular developed countries; ICT has made a very profound and remarkable
impact on the quality and quantity of teaching, learning research in the
educational institutions.
Information
and communication technology has the potentials to accelerate, enrich, and
deepen skill; to motivate and engage students in learning to help relate school
experiences to work practices; to help create economic viability for tomorrow’s
workers, contribute to radical changes in school; to strengthen teaching and to
provide opportunities for connection between the school and the world.
Aribisala (2006) posited that ICTs are increasingly playing an important role
in organisations and in society’s ability to produce access, adopt and apply
information. They are however being heralded as the tools for the
post-industrial age and the foundations for a knowledge economy due to their
ability to facilitate the transfer and acquisition of knowledge. Stressing the
importance of the use of ICT in schools, Olurunsola (2007) posited that through
ICT, educational needs have been met; it changes the needs of education as well
as the potential processes. Message can be communicated through the e-mail,
telex or telephones particularly the mobile ones. The pervasiveness of ICT has
brought about rapid teleological, social, political and economic
transformation, which has eventuated in a network society organized around ICT
(Yusuf, 2015). The author posited that ICT is an indispensable part of
educational administration as its application makes institutions more efficient
and productive, thereby engendering a variety of tools to enhance and
facilitate teachers’ pedagogical activities. For instance, e-learning is
becoming one of the most common means of using ICT to provide education to
students both on and off campus by means of teaching online offered via
web-based systems.
Impact of Information Communication Technology (ICT) on Teaching and Learning Integrated Science in Junior Secondary School
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