(+234)07060722008 
sales@graciousnaija.com
Expert System on Gastrointestinal Disease
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract works by taking food, mechanically destroying, digesting, absorbing and disposing of undigested substances. For many gastrointestinal specialists, it is the second-largest human brain because it affects other organs and plays an important role in strengthening the body's immune system. Due to the importance of the gastrointestinal tract and its direct relationship with human daily life, timely diagnosis of this disease has a major role in the treatment and improvement of human beings. Major developments in diagnostic techniques during the past years have led to this update about indications for assortment and performance of currently available tests. So, this project presents an expert system for diagnosing the type of gastrointestinal disease and determining the type of tests needed to definitively diagnose the disease. The outputs of the expert system are designed according to the patient's symptoms. Visual Studio 2017 is used to design this expert system. The results show that the designed expert system can be useful in cases where immediate access to the expert is not possible.
Chapter One
Introduction
1.1 Background of the study
Expert systems are programs that mimic the behaviour of an expert in a field. These applications use the information that the user stores intending to express an opinion on a topic. Thus, expert systems continue to ask the user if they can find a topic that matches the given answers. These systems solve problems in a specific field using the rules used by professionals. Nowadays expert systems in a variety of fields including medicine, accounting, process control, human resources, financial services, GIS, archaeology as well as legal advice, advice on choosing the best architecture or computer system combination and building engineering consulting are used.
Expert system (ES) is a complex software designed with the abilities to reason and think like human expert in a particular key domain area using rules (Gath and Kulkarni, 2012; Nohria, 2015; Abu-Nasser, 2000; Santosh, Dipti and Indrajit, 2010; Soltan, Rashad and El-Desouky, 2013; Hambali, Akinyemi and Luka, 2017; Keles, 2014). ES belongs to a branch of Artificial Intelligence that engages the usage of human knowledge to solve complex issues that requires the human expert to naturally probe and diagnose using clinical aids (Mishra, Painuli, and Nirvikar, 2016; Gath and Kulkarni, 2012; Nohria, 2015; Abu-Nasser, 2000; Soltan, Rashad and El-Desouky, 2013; Fatumo, Adetiba and Onaolapo, 2013). An ES can be designed using the traditional or classical rule-based technique that does not have much learning abilities or with techniques such as fuzzy logic commonly referred to as fuzzy based expert system or artificial neural network expert system, or hybrid approach (neuro-fuzzy expert system) which has learning abilities and intelligence.
Traditionally the above-mentioned ability has been considered an artful and intuitive process, neither subject to theoretical analysis nor to be captured ina formal quantitative model [4]. Elistien at AI. described four major components of the reasoning process with the deductive method: cue acquisition, hypothesis generation, cue interpretation, hypothesis evaluation [7]. The final step, the decision occurs in the clinical environment and it considers also the social, economic, demographic, cultural and organizing context. During hypothesis generation, compatible diagnosis (or therapies, etc.) are retrieved from the physician's memory using a relatively small number of cues (usually 4-7); the positive findings are overemphasized while the negative findings tend to be deemphasized [4]. In 1959 Ledley and Lusted introduced the idea that a science of medical decision making could be reasonably founded in symbolic logic, probability theory, and value theory. They proposed that computer-based statistical models could enhance the diagnostic and therapeutic skills of the physician [19]. Gorry and Scott-Morton in 1971 [12] described a new class of information systems, Decision Support Systems (DSS), which was intended for direct use by decision makers and their staff: a medical DSS is any computer program designed to help health professionals make clinical decisions. These systems incorporated analytical capabilities as well as traditional data access and reporting capabilities of an aid for decision making; they generally help in determining the nature of a patient's disease state or in formulating a plan for reaching a diagnosis or administering therapy or prognosis evaluation [32].
1.2 Statement of the problem
Doctor should be accessible in all health centres at all time but most times doctors (experts) are not available to render services to patients in health centres.
In view of the forgoing, it would be of great necessity to provide an expert system that will provide a complementary medical service, such as medical disease diagnosis in health centres where qualified experts are lacking. Hence this topic; expert system on gastrointestinal disease is required.
Chapters: 1 - 5
Delivery: Email
