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IMPACT OF SOCIAL STUDIES EDUCATION ON ETHNIC INTEGRATION AND PEACEFUL CO-EXISTENCE AMONG JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN NIGERIA
Chapter One
Introduction
1.1 Background of the study
In Nigeria, the main objectives of education derived from the national policy on education (2004). Is striving toward a free and a democratic society; a just and egalitarian society; a united strong and self- reliant nation/society; a land full of bright opportunities for all citizens, In other words, it involves the general wellbeing of an individual. Nigeria is faced with many political and social problems. Social studies as a core subject in primary and secondary school was recognized by the new national policy on education as a vehicle for the attainment of the part of national goal. Nigeria as a multicultural nation has experienced various crises as a result of differences in culture and religion. This has brought about ideological differences among her people. Therefore, there is a great need for the nation to be integrated for peaceful coexistence of her people (Ojo, 2006). The amalgamation of northern and southern protectorates in 1914 by Sir Fredrick Lugard was aimed at bringing people of Nigeria together in order to have a common heritage and live as one nation. National development can be made possible only if the citizens of the country are united, connected and work together successfully. Ojo (2009) stated that Nigeria is a country with diverse ethnic groups, have differences in culture, tradition, norms and customs. Since the amalgamation of Nigeria in 1914 by the colonial masters, Nigeria has been facing ethno-tribal crises, religious crises, political crises, social uprising, marginalization, favouritism and all kinds of corruption. All these problems stand as the factors that hinder integration and peaceful co-existence. Ojo (2009) also mentions some of the effort made by subsequent governments of Nigeria to enhance ethnic integration and peaceful co-existence. Such efforts include series of national conferences, federal character and quota system, National Youth Service Corps (NYSC), national sports festival and cultural festival. Also, the government encouraged inter-tribal marriages where people from different ethnic group can get married, so as to enhance integration and peaceful co-existence among the various ethnic groups who get married. The need for ethnic integration was demonstrated by the government of Nigeria When it included the issue in the 1999 constitution in section 15 subsection 2 and 3. Also included in that section is the freedom of movement Though Katsins State has been relatively, but it can not be devoid of conflicts because different ethnic groups ars residing in almost every part of the state. Some of these conflicts arise as a result of polities‟ religious and economic aspect. The problems are; the ethnic conflicts that erupted in 15th January, 1966, it is popularly known as “Zanga Zanga” in Hausa which means riot; the 1999 Shia movement organized a kind of machine parade known as “Muzahara”; the revivalnof the sharia in katsina state in 2000. And wrong preaching by a postor started and Kafanchan in Kaduna state Social studies education is designed to bring about ethnic integration and peaceful co-existence. As a result of this fact, the traditional subjects that make up the social sciences could not actually foster ethnic integration and peaceful co-existence separately; Social studies education was birthed to help us do this. Ololobbu (2000) conceptualized Social studies as an organized integrated study of man and his environment, both physical and social, emphasizing on cognition, functional skills and desirable attitudes, and actions for the purpose of producing effective citizenry.
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