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ABSTRACT
Reliable criminal suspects’
recognition is an important problem in crime investigation process. Biometric recognition is becoming an irreplaceable part of many identification systems.
While successful in some niche markets, the biometric technology has not yet
delivered its promise of full proof automatic crime suspects’ recognition,
especially in a developing country like Nigeria. The study proposes and
implements a biometric-based crime investigation system for the Nigerian
Police Force. The software was designed using Visual C# programming language.
(Keywords: biometric, convict, crime,
criminal, evidence, scene, suspect, victim, witness, Visual C#)
CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
Criminality is part and parcel of
human nature and society [7]. That is why no society can claim to be completely
crime free. But the types of criminal behavior tend to follow the pattern of
social and economic development of a given society [1]. It is therefore not
unexpected that a society at a low level of development and as Madden and Chiu
(1998) mentioned, uneven distribution of income (and wealth) [2], tends to
experience an upsurge in the rate of violent crimes such as armed robbery,
politically motivated killings, the use of illegal weapons, ethnic and
religious clashes and the like. What is worrisome, however, is that the police
which are meant to be the antidote to criminality appear to be getting
overwhelmed by the phenomenon [10]. The criminals appear to be ahead of the
police such that the latter now only react to the commission of crimes and
usually after the offenders might have left the scene making things appear as
if the original emphasis on crime prevention has been completely lost [11].
Aside other complaints, there are institutional constraints, which contribute
to the uncomplimentary image of the police and thereby undermining their
capacity to deliver efficient crime control via proper and prompt investigation
and policing services. These include inadequate manpower, lack of expertise,
lack of adequate equipment, low level of education, low morale, lack of
training facilities and lack of technological knowhow, etc. In developed
countries; computers have been used in crime detection for some decades. Computer-
Based Criminal Records Systems were the first of such systems deployed as an
attempt to record a person’s criminal history. Before the introduction and the
application of computers in criminal records, crime investigation, and
detection, most criminal records or other criminal related activities was
carried out using the manual or traditional approach in the process of data
processing, which involves the use of paper files, manual skills and human
brain work. The traditional approach of crime investigation is usually
time-consuming, resulting in a lot of delay and often generally inefficient
leading to high cost. On the other hand, the use of computers in the management
of criminal records and crime investigation tends to be very efficient due to
the fact that less time is spent on the investigation of crimes since it is
automated; giving accurate and reliable criminal investigation results.
With the introduction of biometrics
technology which is an advanced computer techniques now widely adopted as a
front line security measure for both identity verification and crime detection,
and also offers an effective crime deterrent. Biometrics embrace a range of
techniques such as fingerprinting and handwriting recognition for identity
verification using physical data and behavioral patterns [5]. In the recent
past, fingerprint images were obtained by "inktechnique" which is
also referred as off- line fingerprint acquisition [6]. It is essentially based
on the development of pattern recognition systems, today electronic or optical
sensors such as cameras and scanning devices are used to capture images,
recordings or measurements of a person’s unique characteristics. This digital
data is then encoded and can be stored and searched on demand, via a computer.
Such biometric search is not only very rapid (often taking place in real time),
it is also a process that is accepted globally in establishing forensic
evidence in a law court [3]. It cannot be over emphasized that there is need to
provide for adequate, efficient and effective technological knowhow especially
in the area of crime investigation which will make their job simpler and
faster, as well as prompt and effective in their service delivery.
Consequently, this project will seek to design a computerized criminal
investigation system for The Nigeria Police Force in Calabar, Cross River State,
Using Biometrics approach.
STATEMENT
OF THE PROBLEM
Various problems are encountered in
the manual system of operations in any organization, so it is in the crime
investigation system in Nigeria Police Force. Some of the problems encountered
are:
i. Generating a case filing number for each of
the cases has been cumbersome because it is not easy to trace the file number
of the last recorded case and this has led to duplication Cases File Numbers.
ii. Accuracy about dates of filling various
components of the cases are not readily available making referencing them very
cumbersome.
iii. Making references to existing
Criminal cases is difficult because of the manual mode of documentation.
iv. Delay in accessing information in
paper files, paper files are sometimes damaged by water, pest or fire outbreak
and can easily be altered by an unauthorized user.
v. Missing criminal record files which
might have been caused by theft or wrongly placed or kept by the officer(s) in
charge.
vi. Manual searching for information
about crime cases handled by the Crime Investigation Department has been very
tedious because the cases files are not arranged in a logical manner.
TOPIC: DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF CRIME INVESTIGATION SYSTEM USING BIOMETRIC APPROACH
Format: MS Word
Chapters: 1 - 5
Delivery: Email
Delivery: Email
Number of Pages: 65
Price: 3000 NGN
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