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AN
EXAMINATION OF THE LEVEL OF POLITICAL PARTICIPATION OF THE RURALITIES OF OJO
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title
page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv-vi
Table of
Contents vii-viii
CHAPTER ONE:
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background
to the Study 1-3
1.2 Statement
of the
Problem 3
1.3 Purpose
of
Study 4
1.4 Research
Questions 4-5
1.5 Research
Hypotheses 5
1.6 Significance
of the
Study 5
1.7 Scope of the
Study 6
1.8 Delimitation
of the
Study 6
1.9 Definition
of
Terms 6
CHAPTER TWO: Literature
Review
2.1 Concept
of Political Participation 7-11
2.2 Type of
Political
Participation 11-13
2.3 Forms of
Political
Participation 13-20
2.4 Factors
Affecting Political
Participation 20-24
CHAPTER THREE: Research
Methodology
3.0 Introduction 25
3.1 Research
Design 25
3.2 Population
of the
Study 25
3.3 Sample 26
3.4 Sampling
Techniques 26
3.5 Research
Instrument and
Instrumentation 26
3.6 Administration
of
Instrument 27
3.7 Validity
of
Instrument 27
3.8 Method of
Data
analysis 27
CHAPTER FOUR: Data
Analysis and interpretation
4.0 Introduction 28
4.1 Research
Question
1 28-30
4.2 Research
Question 2 30-32
4.3 Research
Question
3 33-35
4.4 Discussion
of
result 35-36
CHAPTER FIVE: Summary,
Recommendation and Conclusion
5.1 Summary 37
5.2 Recommendation 38
5.3 Conclusion 38
Bibliography 39
Appendix 40-42
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
OF THE STUDY
Political participation includes the
political activities of citizens aimed at influencing the political process.
Such participation could be either in an individual or group basis. The
political process may be the ways, directions and methods of governance or the
input of the outcomes of the process. The political activities that may involve
their participation: selection of leaders, influencing decision of government
and the process of governance. (Okafor 2002).
Political participation includes
those action of private cities by which they seek to influence or support
government and politics. Political participation could either be conventional
or orthodox and unconventional or unorthodox. Writing on convention and
non-conventional political participation. Janda et. al. state as
follows:-
Thus, conventional participation is
legal, constitutional, acceptable and normal. Activities here may include
voting, campaigns and attendance to party meetings, expressing political
opinions, standing for elections, registration as a party member and
as a voter for an election contesting for elective offices, party funding.
These activities are in consonance with the normal political process.
Unconventional political participation includes those activities that are not
acceptable, not regarded as lawful and legal, not sanctioned or not normal.
They include such activities as riots, strikes, violent, demonstration, arson,
boycotts, rebellion, terrorism, cultism, protests, and the like. It is felt
that a higher propensity for the emergence of unconventional participation is
accentuated by the existence of narrow or very limited conventional modes. For
people to express their feelings and be heard under a trained mode they have to
resort to unconventional approaches.
Conventional (orthodox) political
participation is of two fold. There could be supportive participation or
influencing participation. Under the supportive dimension, our citizens express
allegiance or loyalty to the state and government. Examples include singing the
national anthem, reciting the national pledge or making reference to such
symbols as the national flag and the coat of arms, turning out for voting
purpose, etc.
The influencing dimension is
concerned with efforts to modify or reverse government policy to suit political
interests. Examples include trying to secure some benefits from government,
asking for special social or welfare services from the government such as
setting up a health canter, construction or rehabilitation of roads, sitting, a
public school or police post. e. t. c.
1.2 STATEMENT
OF THE PROBLEM
From the above background of study,
political participation is the vehicle through which citizens of a given
society communicate their interests, demands, desires, support and or
proposition to the authoritative decisions of the superstructure. However it
seems the levels of people participation in politics are narrow may be due to
the assertion that “politics is a dirty game”. Since 2003, democracy has come
to be regarded as the source for political participation
active towards rural
direction. Therefore, this
study would seek to find solutions to the following
problem:-
i. Low
level of education.
ii. The
culture of corruption.
iii. Parochial
political culture.
iv. Subject
political culture.
v. Primordial
sentiment and low socio-economic development.
1.3 PURPOSE
OF THE STUDY
The
study has the following objectives:
To find
out how low level of education has declined
the level of political
participation in ruralities of Ojo
To
find out the culture of corruption whether or not, it has contribution to the
level of political participation in ruralities of Ojo.
To determine whether or not the
level of political participation in ruralities of Ojo area due to subject
political culture.
To investigate low socio-economic
development ruralities of Ojo.
To advance solution to the above
identified problems.
1.4 RESEARCH
QUESTIONS.
The research questions to be
investigated are:
i. What
is the profile cause of low level of education in ruralities of Ojo?
ii. Can culture of
corruption affect political participation in ruralities of Ojo?
iii. Can parochial
political culture contribute to the level of political participation in
ruralities of Ojo?
iv. Is there any measure
to be used to determine subject political culture in political participation in
Ruralities of Ojo?
v. What is
the consequence of low socio-economic development on ruralities of Ojo?
1.5 RESEARCH
HYPOTHESES
To guide the study, the following
null research hypotheses were raised to be tested:
i. Low
level of education cannot be significantly responsible for the level of
political participation in
ruralities of Ojo.
ii. Culture
of corruption cannot affect level of political participation in ruralities of
Ojo.
iii. Parochial
political culture cannot contribute to low level of political participation in
ruralities of Ojo.
iv. Low
socio-economic development cannot be significantly responsible for level of
political participation in ruralities of Ojo.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY
The significance of this study will
encourage active participation of individuals in the political process of their
community. The study will also make the citizens to share in governance through
expression of
consent, choice,
rejection of the leader and certain policies considers obnoxious. Through
participation, the citizen makes some input in governance through the
expression of demands, preferences, orientations, judgments
and political
process.
1.7 SCOPE OF
THE STUDY
The scope of this study is the level
of political participation of the ruralities
in Ojo local government area of Lagos state. The scope was chosen due to the
low level of political participation of the people in the area and individual
development.
1.8 DELIMITATION
OF THE STUDY
The study will be limited to the
ruralities in Ojo local government area of Lagos state
on the level of
political participation in
2008-2009.
1.9 DEFINITION
OF TERMS
1. Influence: Power
to produce an effect, esp. on character, beliefs
or action.
2. Political
Participation: Is the involvement of individual in political
activities. It can be through electional activities covers voting, campaigns,
seeking to persuade others to vote for a given candidate or party.
TOPIC: AN EXAMINATION OF THE LEVEL OF POLITICAL PARTICIPATION OF THE RURALITIES OF OJO LOCAL GOVERNMENT
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