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ABSTRACT
The
study examined the attitude of students towards the teaching and learning of
health education in selected Junior Secondary Schools in Mainland Local
Government Area of Lagos State.
The descriptive
survey design was used in this study. 120 participants selected through random
sampling technique from five Junior Secondary Schools comprised the sample for
the study. The descriptive statistics or frequency counts and percentages
provided answers to research questions while the chi-square (X2)
statistics was used for hypotheses testing. The results revealed
that: Attitude of the students influenced teaching and learning of
Health Education (X2cal = 38.04 < X2tab 15.21, df = 8,
P > 0.05). Also that attitude of teachers influenced Health Education (X2cal
= 43.3 < X2tab 66.9, df = 9, P > 0.05). While motivation
influenced students behaviour towards Health Education (X2cal = 16
< X2tab 14.07, df = 7, P > 0.05). Also, teachers personality
influenced students’ attitude (X2cal = 28.1 < X2tab
14.07, df = 7, P > 0.05) and teaching method influenced students attitude
towards Health Education(X2cal = 26.01 < X2tab 16.91,
df = 9, P > 0.05).
It
was concluded that: the attitude of students significantly influence teaching
and learning of health education in the school. Students who participate in
Health Education often show non-challant attitude towards the subject. Teachers
significantly influence the teaching and learning of health education in Junior
Secondary Schools. Teachers show negative attitude towards teaching and
learning of Health Education which influenced the attitude of students toward
the subject. Attitude significantly influence the teaching and learning of
health education in schools. The implications of this show that attitude counts
a lot in everything human being do. Teachers do not motivate the students in
order to develop their interest in learning Health Education. For instance many
teachers do not use teaching materials to illustrate their teaching process and
they do not have mastery of content and this makes students to lose interest in
the subject. The knowledge of health education significantly influences the
teaching and learning of health education in the Junior Secondary Schools. This
implies that many students who learn Health Education have poor background in
the subject. Finally, it was found that the teaching method of Health Education
significantly influences the teaching and learning of health education in
schools. Based on the conclusions reached in this study, the following
recommendations were made by the researcher.
(1) Students
should endeavors to have or develop more interest and zeal on the subject, health
education, as it will enable them to learn the subject better and to perform
well in it.
(2) Teachers
should ensure that the students are well motivated so that they would learn
well the health education teaching.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title
page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract v
Table of
contents vi
CHAPTER ONE 1
Introduction 1
Statement of the
Problem 4
Purpose of the
Study 5
Research Questions 5
Hypotheses 5
Significance 6
Scope of the
Study 7
Definition of
Terms 7
CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review 8
Concept of Health
Education 8
Theories of
learning 9
Teaching methods of Health
Education 11
Types and Methods of Relevant in
Health
Education 12
Choosing Appropriate Methods 14
Curriculum in Health
Education 17
Application of Concepts to Health
Education 19
Determination of the
Curriculum 20
Concept of Attitude and Teaching and
learning
processes 21
Summary of
Literature 23
CHAPTER THREE:
Research Methodology 24
Introduction 24
Research
Design 24
Population of
study 25
Sample and sampling
technique 25
Research Instrument 25
Procedure for data
collection 25
Procedure for data
Analysis 25
CHAPTER FOUR: Data Analysis Presentation And
Discussion 27
Introduction 27
Data Analysis Presentation 27
Demographic Data of
Respondents 27
Data Analysis and
presentation/Discussion using Questions and
Items 29
Hypotheses Testing and
Discussions 35
Summary of
Findings 45
CHAPTER FIVE: Summary
of the Study, Conclusion and Recommendations 47
Introduction 47
Summary of the
Study 47
Conclusion 49
Recommendations 50
References 52
Appendix 56
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
to the Study
Health
to the layman refers to not being ill, wearing a good look being physically
fit. Indeed, health means the state or condition of an individual, which
enables him/her to perform his/her daily activities. Oke (1996)
asserted that health is the totality of the doing, considering the individuals’
ability to perform physical exercises without being easily fatigues, enduring
long periods on tasks until solutions are found, having a normal organic and
systematic functioning and being able to relate well with those around.
To
World Health Organisation (WHO, 1998) defined Health as “a state of complete
physical, mental, emotional and social well being, and not merely the absence
of disease or infirmity”. Umoh (2000) defined health education as a process of
teaching the child the rudiments of how to protect and improve his/her health
either at school or in the home. Amaonye (1990) defined it as the importation
of knowledge on how an individual should maintain a healthy living. It may
appear as though in a number of ways, health teachings. The truth is that it
does differ in certain crucial areas.
Although
much of the content in health education is basic to complete physical, mental,
social and emotional development of the child, motivation is often difficult.
This is perhaps because the actively health child is largely uncaring about his
health. Very often, many youths and adults who did not have the opportunity of
being introduced to the essential health knowledge and favourable schools, show
a rather perverse antagonism towards established facts of rate living (Anyakogu
1994).
Kayode
(1997), the School health programme aims at protecting and improving the
child’s health. The school personnel, especially teachers are therefore
supposed to work towards the achievement of this goal. This aspiration,
mandates the teachers to understand the concept of health, which is considered
as good health for children? However Health Education or Health Instruction is
a component of School Health Programme.
Brown
(1999) claims that a sequence must be followed in planning for an instructional
session. This sequence or techniques in teaching health education in the school
is listed as follows:-
1. Define
the objectives to be attained by the student.
2. Choose
appropriate methods to ensure that students achieve learning as specified the
most promising teaching strategies or procedures must be chosen.
3. Select
appropriate learning experiences from the various available alternative.
4. Select
appropriate materials, facilities and equipment.
5. Assign
roles as defined.
6. Evaluate
outcomes.
Uzomah
(1998) identified many factors which affect teaching and learning of health
education. These include inadequate or relevant materials, lack of equipment,
inappropriate choice of methods, non-assignment or roles, non-definition of
defined objectives etc. Uzomah asserted that these factors hinder the teaching
and learning of health education in schools. However the ability of individuals
to teach and learn Health Education requires an attitude.
Kretch
and Kruch (1998) defined attitudes as an organization of motivational,
emotional perceptional and cognitive process with respect to some aspects of
the individuals world. In the light of this definition, Erazmus (1997) opined
that attitude could be regarded as predispositions to classify sets of objects
or events and to react to them with some sense of evaluation and with
consistency. Attitude affects all the activities of man and his environment,
and the learning of health education is not exempted in this regard.
Achuzia
(1990) observed that attitude could be negative or positive and those towards
health education do not learn the subject well and do not internalize the
rudiments of the subject, unlike students who devote much interest and zeal on
the subject or discipline. While Onyemaobi (1991) asserted that for students to
develop positive attitude interest and good orientation towards anything,
especially towards a particular subject such as health education, or other
subjects, there must be motivational drive.
Other
scholars such as Adeleke et al (1994) asserted that for students to have
interest and to develop the attitude needed for the learning and academic
achievement in Health Education, he/she has to have good orientation on the
subject(s), be well disposed for the course through readiness and having
burning desire to know and to learn or master the skills that are involved in
the course of study.
1.2 Statement
of the Problem
The
observed inability of young persons to practice and maintain personal hygiene
for community healthy living has raised a concern. In addition there is
difficulty in the ability of the youth to learn Health Education in Schools,
resulting in poor knowledge and skills of positive healthy choices concerning
personal health which affect other persons within the community.
This
study investigated the attitude of students towards the teaching and learning
of Health Education in Secondary school and recommend possible solutions.
1.3 Purpose
of the Study
The
main purpose of this study is to examine the attitudes of students towards
teaching and learning of health education in Lagos state secondary schools.
The
specific objectives of the study will include
1. To find out
whether attitude of students will influence the teaching and learning of health
education.
2. To find out
whether the attitude of teachers will influence the teaching and learning of
health education in Senior Secondary Schools.
3. To examine
whether motivation will influence the attitude of students towards teaching and
learning of health education in Senior Secondary Schools.
4. To investigate
whether teacher’s personality will influence the attitude of students towards
teaching and learning of health education.
5. To find out
whether the teaching methods of health education will influence the attitude of
students towards the teaching and learning of health education in schools.
1.4 Research
Questions
The following research questions were raised in this study:
1. Will the
attitude of students influence the teaching and learning of health education?
2. Will the
attitude of teachers influence the teaching and learning of health education in
Senior Secondary Schools?.
3. Will the
motivation of students influence the attitude of students towards teaching and
learning of health education in Senior Secondary Schools?.
4. Will the
teacher’s personality influence the attitude of students towards teaching and
learning of health education?
5. Will the
teaching method of health education influence the attitude of students towards
the teaching and learning of health education in schools?
1.5 Hypotheses
The following hypotheses were formulated:
1. Attitude of
students will not significantly influence the teaching and learning of health
education in Senior Secondary Schools.
2. Attitude of
teachers will not significantly influence the teaching and learning of health
education in Senior Secondary Schools.
3. Motivation will
not significantly influence the attitude of students towards teaching and
learning of health education in Senior Secondary Schools.
4. Teacher’s
personality will not significantly influence students; attitude towards
teaching and learning of health education in Senior Secondary Schools.
5. Teaching methods
will not significantly influence students’ attitude towards the teaching and
learning of health education in Senior Secondary Schools.
1.6 Significance of the Study
This study will be beneficial to the following:
1. Teachers: The
findings of this study will sensitize the teachers on areas that require
adjustments to promote the teaching and learning of health education in Junior
Secondary Schools. It will expose the ideal teaching methods that would promote
good health practice in the community.
2. Students: Students
would become aware of the need for health practices in order to promote healthy
living among the young ones.
3. The School
Authorities: The school authorities and policy makers would be
sensitized on the need to place health education in the curriculum and a lot
appropriate time table to health education as a subject in the school.
4. The Society: The
findings of this study will be beneficial to the members of the larger society
because it will help them to be more aware of how teaching and learning affects
students attitude, motivation, interest and overall behaviour in learning
health education.
1.7 Scope and Delimitation of
the Study
This
study is delimited to senior secondary school students in Mainland Local
Government Area of Lagos State. This will include students of five (5) schools
of Mainland local government area of Lagos State
1.8 Limitation
of the Study
The
limitations of the study were as a result of unforeseen circumstances that
could frustrate the outcomes of the study. Also the problems of the time
constraints and distance to be covered by the researcher in the course of
carrying out this study were some of the limitations. However all these
envisaged problems will be taken care of by the researcher and will not be
allowed to prevent the result of the study.
1.9 Definition of Terms
1. Health
Education – Health education is a process of teaching the child the
rudiments of how best to promote, maintain an improve his/her health either at
home, at school or in the community. It is the in calculation of how to achieve
hygiene in a child.
2. Teaching –
This is a process of imparting knowledge or the transfer of knowledge from
somebody who knows (the teacher) to an individual who does not know (the
students).
3. Attitude –
This refers to an organization of motivational perceptional and cognitive process with
respect to some aspects of the individual’s world. The attitude one has on
something determines to a great extent, how he/she would be involved in that
thing. Attitude affects all we do in human life.
4. Learning: This
refers the situation whereby students or any other individual masters certain
skills in teaching, either in the classroom or outside of it.
TOPIC: AN EVALUATION OF THE ATTITUDE OF STUDENTS TOWARDS
TEACHING AND LEARNING OF HEALTH EDUCATION
Format: MS Word
Chapters: 1 - 5
Delivery: Email
Delivery: Email
Number of Pages: 56
Price: 3000 NGN
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